Abount Host asp net
AVG CPC:$32.98
Internet Hosting services can run Web servers; see Internet Hosting services.
Hosting services limited to the Web:
Free web Hosting service: is free, (sometimes) advertisement-supported web Hosting, and is often limited when compared to paid Hosting.
Shared web Hosting service: one's Web site is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few to hundreds or thousands. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as RAM and the CPU. A shared website may be hosted with a reseller.
Reseller web Hosting: allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of Hosting, depending on who they are affiliated with as a provider. Resellers' accounts may vary tremendously in size: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a colocated server.
Virtual Dedicated Server: dividing a server into virtual servers, where each user feels like they're on their own dedicated server, but they're actually sharing a server with many other users. The users may have root access to their own virtual space. This is also known as a virtual private server or VPS.
Dedicated Hosting service: the user gets his or her own Web server and gains full control over it (root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user typically does not own the server. Another type of Dedicated Hosting is Self-Managed or Unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for Dedicated plans. The user has full administrative access to the box, which means the client is responsible for the security and maintenance of his own dedicated box.
Managed Hosting service: the user gets his or her own Web server but is not allowed full control over it (root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other remote management tools. The user is disallowed full control so that the provider can guarantee quality of service by not allowing the user to modify the server or potentially create configuration problems. The user typically does not own the server. The server is leased to the client.
Colocation web Hosting service: similar to the dedicated web Hosting service, but the user owns the colo server; the Hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of the web Hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client's machine, providing only the electrical, Internet access, and storage facilities for the server. In most cases for colo, the client would have his own administrator visit the data center on site to do any hardware upgrades or changes.
Clustered Hosting: having multiple servers Hosting the same content for better resource utilization.
Grid Hosting : this form of distributed Hosting is when a server cluster acts like a grid and is composed of multiple nodes.
Home server: usually a single machine placed in a private residence can be used to host one or more websites from a usually consumer-grade broadband connection. These can be purpose-built machines or more commonly old PC's.
Some ISP's actively attempt to block these servers by disallowing incoming requests to TCP port 80 of the user's connection and by refusing to provide static IP addresses.
Content from wikipidia
Monday, March 10, 2008
Hosting services
Abount Hosting services
AVG CPC:$17.51
The scopes of Hosting services vary widely. The most basic is webpage and small-scale file Hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with little processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also obtain Web page Hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site Hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or cheap. Business web site Hosting often has a higher expense.
Single page Hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, and ASP.NET). These facilities allow the customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. For e-commerce, SSL is also required.
The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts as well as other services like e-mail. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce). They are commonly used by larger companies to outsource network infrastructure to a Hosting company. To find a web Hosting company, there are searchable directories that can be used. One must be extremely careful when searching for a new company because many of the people promoting service providers are actually affiliates and the reviews are biased.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$17.51
The scopes of Hosting services vary widely. The most basic is webpage and small-scale file Hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with little processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also obtain Web page Hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site Hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or cheap. Business web site Hosting often has a higher expense.
Single page Hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, and ASP.NET). These facilities allow the customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. For e-commerce, SSL is also required.
The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts as well as other services like e-mail. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce). They are commonly used by larger companies to outsource network infrastructure to a Hosting company. To find a web Hosting company, there are searchable directories that can be used. One must be extremely careful when searching for a new company because many of the people promoting service providers are actually affiliates and the reviews are biased.
Content from wikipidia
Hosting asp
Abount Hosting asp
AVG CPC:$27.01
A web Hosting service is a type of Internet Hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to provide their own websites accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called colocation.
Histing Support for ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It is part of Microsoft's .NET platform and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime, allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any Microsoft .NET language.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$27.01
A web Hosting service is a type of Internet Hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to provide their own websites accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called colocation.
Histing Support for ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It is part of Microsoft's .NET platform and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime, allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any Microsoft .NET language.
Content from wikipidia
Car insurance
Abount Car insurance
AVG CPC:$19.65
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. Insurer is the company that sells the Insurance. Insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of Insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$19.65
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. Insurer is the company that sells the Insurance. Insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of Insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.
Content from wikipidia
Crm web
Abount Crm web
AVG CPC:$15.32
As the internet is becoming more and more important in business life, many companies consider it as an opportunity to reduce customer-service costs, tighten customer relationships and most important, further personalize marketing messages and enable mass customization.[6] Together with the creation of Sales Force Automation (SFA), where electronic methods where used to gather data and analyze customer information, the trend of the upcoming Internet can be seen as the foundation of what we know as eCrm today. We can define eCrm as activities to manage customer relationships by using the Internet, web browsers or other electronic touch points. The challenge hereby is to offer communication and information on the right topic, in the right amount, and at the right time that fits the customer’s specific needs.[7]
Channels through which companies can communicate with its customers, are growing by the day, and as a result, getting their time and attention has turned into a major challenge.[8] One of the reasons eCrm is so popular nowadays is that digital channels can create unique and positive experiences – not just transactions – for customers.[9] An extreme, but ever growing in popularism, example of the creation of experiences in order to establish customer service is the use of Virtual Worlds, such as Second Life. Through this so-called vCrm, companies are able to create synergies between virtual and physical channels and reaching a very wide consumer base. However, given the newness of the technology, most companies are still struggling to identify effective entries in Virtual Worlds.[10] Its highly interactive character, which allows companies to respond directly to any customer’s requests or problems, is another feature of eCrm that helps companies establish and sustain long-term customer relationships.[11]
Furthermore, Information Technology has helped companies to even further differentiate between customers and address a personal message or service. Some examples of tools used in eCrm:
Personalized Web Pages where customers are recognized and their preferences are shows.
Customized products or services (Dell).
Crm programs should be directed towards customer value that competitors cannot match.[12] However, in a world where almost every company is connected to the Internet, eCrm has become a requirement for survival, not just a competitive advantage.[13]
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$15.32
As the internet is becoming more and more important in business life, many companies consider it as an opportunity to reduce customer-service costs, tighten customer relationships and most important, further personalize marketing messages and enable mass customization.[6] Together with the creation of Sales Force Automation (SFA), where electronic methods where used to gather data and analyze customer information, the trend of the upcoming Internet can be seen as the foundation of what we know as eCrm today. We can define eCrm as activities to manage customer relationships by using the Internet, web browsers or other electronic touch points. The challenge hereby is to offer communication and information on the right topic, in the right amount, and at the right time that fits the customer’s specific needs.[7]
Channels through which companies can communicate with its customers, are growing by the day, and as a result, getting their time and attention has turned into a major challenge.[8] One of the reasons eCrm is so popular nowadays is that digital channels can create unique and positive experiences – not just transactions – for customers.[9] An extreme, but ever growing in popularism, example of the creation of experiences in order to establish customer service is the use of Virtual Worlds, such as Second Life. Through this so-called vCrm, companies are able to create synergies between virtual and physical channels and reaching a very wide consumer base. However, given the newness of the technology, most companies are still struggling to identify effective entries in Virtual Worlds.[10] Its highly interactive character, which allows companies to respond directly to any customer’s requests or problems, is another feature of eCrm that helps companies establish and sustain long-term customer relationships.[11]
Furthermore, Information Technology has helped companies to even further differentiate between customers and address a personal message or service. Some examples of tools used in eCrm:
Personalized Web Pages where customers are recognized and their preferences are shows.
Customized products or services (Dell).
Crm programs should be directed towards customer value that competitors cannot match.[12] However, in a world where almost every company is connected to the Internet, eCrm has become a requirement for survival, not just a competitive advantage.[13]
Content from wikipidia
Call center software
Abount Call center software
AVG CPC:$23.28
Call centre
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Call center)
Jump to: navigation, search
A very large collections call center in Lakeland, FL.A Call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralised office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by telephone.
A Call centre is operated by a company to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. Outgoing calls for telemarketing, clientele, and debt collection are also made. In addition to a Call centre, collective handling of letters, faxes, and e-mails at one location is known as a contact centre.
A Call centre is often operated through an extensive open workspace for Call centre agents, with work stations that include a computer for each agent, a telephone set/headset connected to a telecom switch, and one or more supervisor stations. It can be independently operated or networked with additional centres, often linked to a corporate computer network, including mainframes, microcomputers and LANs. Increasingly, the voice and data pathways into the centre are linked through a set of new technologies called computer telephony integration (CTI).
Most major businesses use Call centres to interact with their customers. Examples include utility companies, mail order catalogue firms, and customer support for computer hardware and Software. Some businesses even service internal functions through Call centres. Examples of this include help desks and sales support.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$23.28
Call centre
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Call center)
Jump to: navigation, search
A very large collections call center in Lakeland, FL.A Call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralised office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by telephone.
A Call centre is operated by a company to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. Outgoing calls for telemarketing, clientele, and debt collection are also made. In addition to a Call centre, collective handling of letters, faxes, and e-mails at one location is known as a contact centre.
A Call centre is often operated through an extensive open workspace for Call centre agents, with work stations that include a computer for each agent, a telephone set/headset connected to a telecom switch, and one or more supervisor stations. It can be independently operated or networked with additional centres, often linked to a corporate computer network, including mainframes, microcomputers and LANs. Increasingly, the voice and data pathways into the centre are linked through a set of new technologies called computer telephony integration (CTI).
Most major businesses use Call centres to interact with their customers. Examples include utility companies, mail order catalogue firms, and customer support for computer hardware and Software. Some businesses even service internal functions through Call centres. Examples of this include help desks and sales support.
Content from wikipidia
Sunday, March 9, 2008
Car insurance rate
Ablunt Car insurance rate
AVG CPC :$24.31
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. Insurer is the company that sells the Insurance. Insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of Insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC :$24.31
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. Insurer is the company that sells the Insurance. Insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of Insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.
Content from wikipidia
Computer server
Abount Computer server
AVG CPC :$4.67
Server is an adjective in the term Server operating system. A Server operating system is intended, enabled, or better able to run Server applications. The differences between the Server version and the "workstation" version of an operating system vary. Sometimes (as in the case of Windows 2000 and Windows 2000 Server), the primary difference is the removal of arbitrary license-dependent limits on the number of network file share connections accepted. Some Server editions include additional Server applications bundled with the operating system. Some Server applications (e.g. Microsoft 78900IIS) impose arbitrary limits on the number of HTTP connections they will accept, depending on whether they are running under a Server operating system or not.
A Server Computer (often called Server for short) is a Computer system that has been designated for running a specific Server application or applications. A Computer that is designated for only one Server application is often named for that application. For example, when Apache HTTP Server (software) is a company's web Server, the Computer running it is also called the web Server. Server applications can be divided among Server Computers over an extreme range, depending upon the workload. Under light loading, every Server application can run concurrently on a single Computer. Under heavy loading, multiple Server Computers may be required for each application. Under medium loading, it is common to use one Server Computer per Server application, in order to limit the amount of damage caused by failure of any single Server Computer or security breach of any single Server application. Any Server Computer can also be used as a workstation, but it is avoided in practice, again to contain risk.
Server or Server Computer is also a designation for Computer models intended for use running Server applications, often under heavy workloads, unattended, for extended time. While any "workstation" Computer can run Server operating systems and Server applications, a Server Computer usually has special features intended to make it more suitable. Distinctions often include faster processor and memory, more RAM, larger hard drives, higher reliability, redundant power supplies, redundant hard drives (RAID), compact size and shape, modular design (e.g., blade Servers often used in Server farms), rack or cabinet mountability, serial console redirection, etc.
The name Server or Server appliance also applies to network-connected Computer appliances or "appliance hardware" that provides specific services onto the network. Though the appliance is a Server Computer, loaded with a Server operating system and a Server application, the user need not configure any of it. It is a black box that does a specific job. The simplest Servers are most often sold as appliances, for example switches, routers, gateways, print Servers, net modems.
A Server is defined as a multi-user Computer that provides a service (e.g. database access, file transfer, remote access) or resources (e.g. file space) over a network connection.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC :$4.67
Server is an adjective in the term Server operating system. A Server operating system is intended, enabled, or better able to run Server applications. The differences between the Server version and the "workstation" version of an operating system vary. Sometimes (as in the case of Windows 2000 and Windows 2000 Server), the primary difference is the removal of arbitrary license-dependent limits on the number of network file share connections accepted. Some Server editions include additional Server applications bundled with the operating system. Some Server applications (e.g. Microsoft 78900IIS) impose arbitrary limits on the number of HTTP connections they will accept, depending on whether they are running under a Server operating system or not.
A Server Computer (often called Server for short) is a Computer system that has been designated for running a specific Server application or applications. A Computer that is designated for only one Server application is often named for that application. For example, when Apache HTTP Server (software) is a company's web Server, the Computer running it is also called the web Server. Server applications can be divided among Server Computers over an extreme range, depending upon the workload. Under light loading, every Server application can run concurrently on a single Computer. Under heavy loading, multiple Server Computers may be required for each application. Under medium loading, it is common to use one Server Computer per Server application, in order to limit the amount of damage caused by failure of any single Server Computer or security breach of any single Server application. Any Server Computer can also be used as a workstation, but it is avoided in practice, again to contain risk.
Server or Server Computer is also a designation for Computer models intended for use running Server applications, often under heavy workloads, unattended, for extended time. While any "workstation" Computer can run Server operating systems and Server applications, a Server Computer usually has special features intended to make it more suitable. Distinctions often include faster processor and memory, more RAM, larger hard drives, higher reliability, redundant power supplies, redundant hard drives (RAID), compact size and shape, modular design (e.g., blade Servers often used in Server farms), rack or cabinet mountability, serial console redirection, etc.
The name Server or Server appliance also applies to network-connected Computer appliances or "appliance hardware" that provides specific services onto the network. Though the appliance is a Server Computer, loaded with a Server operating system and a Server application, the user need not configure any of it. It is a black box that does a specific job. The simplest Servers are most often sold as appliances, for example switches, routers, gateways, print Servers, net modems.
A Server is defined as a multi-user Computer that provides a service (e.g. database access, file transfer, remote access) or resources (e.g. file space) over a network connection.
Content from wikipidia
Computer lab
Abount Computer lab
AVG CPC:$5.51
A Computer Lab is a room which contains many Computers, printers and other electronic equipment designed for public use. Computer Labs can be found in libraries, schools, government buildings, science Labs, and research centers. In addition, some companies such as Kinkos or Mail Boxes Etc. provide Labs with Computers to use for an hourly fee. Computers are used for research and other reasons.
Computers in these Labs may have software installed to limit, trace, or block certain activities. Macintosh Computers may have software such as the older At Ease or the newer MacAdministrator. Windows Computers may have protection software such as Fortres or Deep Freeze, and often contain network applications, like Novell NetWare for network security and administration. Due to the high number of Computers in a Lab, many Lab administrators choose to use remote administration software such as VNC. Computer Labs in schools often have classroom management software installed to manage and control student Computer activity from the teacher’s Computer, to monitor or prevent web browsing and to remotely control student Computers.
The Computers are often in a Computer network. The Computers may also be thin clients.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$5.51
A Computer Lab is a room which contains many Computers, printers and other electronic equipment designed for public use. Computer Labs can be found in libraries, schools, government buildings, science Labs, and research centers. In addition, some companies such as Kinkos or Mail Boxes Etc. provide Labs with Computers to use for an hourly fee. Computers are used for research and other reasons.
Computers in these Labs may have software installed to limit, trace, or block certain activities. Macintosh Computers may have software such as the older At Ease or the newer MacAdministrator. Windows Computers may have protection software such as Fortres or Deep Freeze, and often contain network applications, like Novell NetWare for network security and administration. Due to the high number of Computers in a Lab, many Lab administrators choose to use remote administration software such as VNC. Computer Labs in schools often have classroom management software installed to manage and control student Computer activity from the teacher’s Computer, to monitor or prevent web browsing and to remotely control student Computers.
The Computers are often in a Computer network. The Computers may also be thin clients.
Content from wikipidia
Remote computer
Abount Remote computer
AVG CPC:$5.59
A Remote Computer is a Computer to which a user does not have physical access, but which he or she can access/manipulate via some kind of network from a local Computer (one which the user does have physical access to).
Typically the Remote Computer is said to be a server because it serves up content to non-local users.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$5.59
A Remote Computer is a Computer to which a user does not have physical access, but which he or she can access/manipulate via some kind of network from a local Computer (one which the user does have physical access to).
Typically the Remote Computer is said to be a server because it serves up content to non-local users.
Content from wikipidia
Notebook computers
Abount Notebook computers
AVG CPC:$5.62
A Loptop computer, or simply Loptop (also Notebook computer, Notebook and notepad) is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds (around 1 to 8 kilograms), depending on size, materials, and other factors.
Loptops usually run on a single main battery or from an external AC/DC adapter which can charge the battery while also supplying power to the computer itself. Many computers also have a 3 volt cell to run the clock and other processes in the event of a power failure.
Loptops contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions, but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption, although typically less powerful for the same price. Loptops usually have liquid crystal displays and most of them use different memory modules for their random access memory (RAM), for instance, SO-DIMM in lieu of the larger DIMMs. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external keyboard or mouse can usually be attached.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$5.62
A Loptop computer, or simply Loptop (also Notebook computer, Notebook and notepad) is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds (around 1 to 8 kilograms), depending on size, materials, and other factors.
Loptops usually run on a single main battery or from an external AC/DC adapter which can charge the battery while also supplying power to the computer itself. Many computers also have a 3 volt cell to run the clock and other processes in the event of a power failure.
Loptops contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions, but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and efficient power consumption, although typically less powerful for the same price. Loptops usually have liquid crystal displays and most of them use different memory modules for their random access memory (RAM), for instance, SO-DIMM in lieu of the larger DIMMs. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) or a pointing stick for input, though an external keyboard or mouse can usually be attached.
Content from wikipidia
Computer training
Abount Computer training
AVG CPC:$5.63
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC) is an international association of technology-based Training professionals. The AICC develops guidelines for aviation industry in the development, delivery, and evaluation of CBT, WBT, and related Training technologies.
AICC specifications are usually designed to be general purpose (not necessarily Aviation Specific) so that learning technology vendors can spread their costs across multiple markets and thus provide products (needed by the Aviation Industry) at a lower cost. This strategy has resulted in AICC specifications having broad acceptance and relevance to non-aviation and aviation users alike.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$5.63
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC) is an international association of technology-based Training professionals. The AICC develops guidelines for aviation industry in the development, delivery, and evaluation of CBT, WBT, and related Training technologies.
AICC specifications are usually designed to be general purpose (not necessarily Aviation Specific) so that learning technology vendors can spread their costs across multiple markets and thus provide products (needed by the Aviation Industry) at a lower cost. This strategy has resulted in AICC specifications having broad acceptance and relevance to non-aviation and aviation users alike.
Content from wikipidia
Computer systems
Abount Computer systems
AVG CPC:$6.02
Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and Computer science.[1] Computer engineers are electrical engineers that have additional training in the areas of software design and hardware-software integration. [2] In turn, they focus less on power electronics and physics. Some areas Computer engineers are involved in are ASIC design, FPGA development, firmware development, software development, hardware-(firmware/software) integration, circuit design, and system-level design and integration.[3]
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$6.02
Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and Computer science.[1] Computer engineers are electrical engineers that have additional training in the areas of software design and hardware-software integration. [2] In turn, they focus less on power electronics and physics. Some areas Computer engineers are involved in are ASIC design, FPGA development, firmware development, software development, hardware-(firmware/software) integration, circuit design, and system-level design and integration.[3]
Content from wikipidia
Computer crime
Abount Computer crime
AVG CPC:$6.31
Computer Crime, cyberCrime, e-Crime, hi-tech Crime or electronic Crime generally refers to criminal activity where a Computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a Crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms Computer Crime or cyberCrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the Computer or network is a necessary part of the Crime, these terms are also sometimes used to include traditional Crimes, such as fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which Computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity.
Computer Crime can broadly be defined as criminal activity involving an information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of Computer data to, from or within a Computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of Computer data), systems interference (interfering with the functioning of a Computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing Computer data), misuse of devices, forgery (ID theft), and electronic fraud.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$6.31
Computer Crime, cyberCrime, e-Crime, hi-tech Crime or electronic Crime generally refers to criminal activity where a Computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a Crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms Computer Crime or cyberCrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the Computer or network is a necessary part of the Crime, these terms are also sometimes used to include traditional Crimes, such as fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which Computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity.
Computer Crime can broadly be defined as criminal activity involving an information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of Computer data to, from or within a Computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of Computer data), systems interference (interfering with the functioning of a Computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing Computer data), misuse of devices, forgery (ID theft), and electronic fraud.
Content from wikipidia
Business computer
Abount Business computer
AVG CPC:$6.34
Small Business Computer Support embraces a comprehensive array of Computer support functions pertaining to Computer software, hardware, and communications. With the increasing scope of the Internet based services and the spread of high speed connections, it is now possible for small Businesses to employ high qualified Computer technicians to look after the maintenance of your Business system resources, and to provide Computer repair facilities 24x7.
Online tech support companies have professional Computer engineers who remotely manage your systems and prevent the need to haul them to repair shops, thereby saving you time and money. Most small Businesses have approved of such services as they can now their Computers productive and effective at all times.
Small Business Computer support eliminates the need for sending personnel to customers’ offices to fix the issue. They provide support more quickly and efficiently than any in-house staff can with expertise being the sole reason. The complete procedure is done online using remote desktop connection. With your permission, the technicians remotely take hold of faulty Computers, diagnose issues, and resolve them right away. Everything is being done before customer who enjoys the authority to control the actions taken on the Computers.
Such services are gaining in popularity primarily because of the convenience they provide to the customer. Another underlying benefit is the cost. The customer need not pay if the technician fails to resolve the issue. Moreover, everything is offered at the convenience of the customer’s premises.
Emergence of companies like Circuit City and iYogi has enabled both established and start-up Businesses to make use of cutting edge technology to readily fix their nasty Computer errors and problems. These companies have highly trained technicians who maintain professional conduct along. They provide the expertise that small Businesses require to leverage finest technical support for efficient working.
Online vendors dealing in small Businesses Computer support boast to have distinct plans which are tightly integrated to enable small Businesses leverage the best Computer support and tech support benefits at price suitable for rigid budgets. These plans are made after taking everything including companies’ potential, future growth, and number of Computers into consideration.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$6.34
Small Business Computer Support embraces a comprehensive array of Computer support functions pertaining to Computer software, hardware, and communications. With the increasing scope of the Internet based services and the spread of high speed connections, it is now possible for small Businesses to employ high qualified Computer technicians to look after the maintenance of your Business system resources, and to provide Computer repair facilities 24x7.
Online tech support companies have professional Computer engineers who remotely manage your systems and prevent the need to haul them to repair shops, thereby saving you time and money. Most small Businesses have approved of such services as they can now their Computers productive and effective at all times.
Small Business Computer support eliminates the need for sending personnel to customers’ offices to fix the issue. They provide support more quickly and efficiently than any in-house staff can with expertise being the sole reason. The complete procedure is done online using remote desktop connection. With your permission, the technicians remotely take hold of faulty Computers, diagnose issues, and resolve them right away. Everything is being done before customer who enjoys the authority to control the actions taken on the Computers.
Such services are gaining in popularity primarily because of the convenience they provide to the customer. Another underlying benefit is the cost. The customer need not pay if the technician fails to resolve the issue. Moreover, everything is offered at the convenience of the customer’s premises.
Emergence of companies like Circuit City and iYogi has enabled both established and start-up Businesses to make use of cutting edge technology to readily fix their nasty Computer errors and problems. These companies have highly trained technicians who maintain professional conduct along. They provide the expertise that small Businesses require to leverage finest technical support for efficient working.
Online vendors dealing in small Businesses Computer support boast to have distinct plans which are tightly integrated to enable small Businesses leverage the best Computer support and tech support benefits at price suitable for rigid budgets. These plans are made after taking everything including companies’ potential, future growth, and number of Computers into consideration.
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Computer security
Abount Computer security
AVG CPC:$8.70
The term Computer Security can refer to a product, or a service, or a branch of technology known as information Security as it applies to Computers. The objective varies, and can include protection of information from theft, corruption or preservation of availability, as defined in the Security policy.
Computer Security imposes requirements on Computers that are different from most system requirements because they often take the form of constraints on what Computers are not supposed to do. This makes Computer Security particularly challenging because we find it hard enough just to make Computer programs just do everything they are designed to do correctly. Furthermore, negative requirements are deceptively complicated to satisfy and require exhaustive testing to verify, which is impractical for most Computer programs. Computer Security provides a technical strategy to convert negative requirements to positive enforceable rules. For this reason, Computer Security is often more technical and mathematical than some Computer science fields.
Typical approaches to Computer Security (in approximate order of strength) can include the following:
• Physically limit access to Computers to only those who will not compromise Security.
• Hardware mechanisms that impose rules on Computer programs, thus avoiding depending the Computer programs for Computer Security.
• Operating system mechanisms that impose rules on programs to avoid trusting Computer programs.
• Programming strategies to make Computer programs dependable and resist subversion.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.70
The term Computer Security can refer to a product, or a service, or a branch of technology known as information Security as it applies to Computers. The objective varies, and can include protection of information from theft, corruption or preservation of availability, as defined in the Security policy.
Computer Security imposes requirements on Computers that are different from most system requirements because they often take the form of constraints on what Computers are not supposed to do. This makes Computer Security particularly challenging because we find it hard enough just to make Computer programs just do everything they are designed to do correctly. Furthermore, negative requirements are deceptively complicated to satisfy and require exhaustive testing to verify, which is impractical for most Computer programs. Computer Security provides a technical strategy to convert negative requirements to positive enforceable rules. For this reason, Computer Security is often more technical and mathematical than some Computer science fields.
Typical approaches to Computer Security (in approximate order of strength) can include the following:
• Physically limit access to Computers to only those who will not compromise Security.
• Hardware mechanisms that impose rules on Computer programs, thus avoiding depending the Computer programs for Computer Security.
• Operating system mechanisms that impose rules on programs to avoid trusting Computer programs.
• Programming strategies to make Computer programs dependable and resist subversion.
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Computer forensic
Abount Computer forensic
AVG CPC :$10.25
The simple definition of Computer Forensics
... is the art and science of applying Computer science to aid the legal process. Although plenty of science is attributable to Computer Forensics, most successful investigators possess a nose for investigations and for solving puzzles, which is where the art comes in. - Chris L.T. Brown, Computer Evidence Collection and Preservation, 2006
Thus, it is more than the technological, systematic inspection of the Computer system and its contents for evidence or supportive evidence of a civil wrong or a criminal act. Computer Forensics requires specialized expertise and tools that goes above and beyond the normal data collection and preservation techniques available to end-users or system support personnel. One definition is analogous to "Electronic Evidentiary Recovery, known also as e-discovery, requires the proper tools and knowledge to meet the Court's criteria, whereas Computer Forensics is simply the application of Computer investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence."[1] Another is "a process to answer questions about digital states and events"[2]. This process often involves the investigation and examination Computer system(s), including, but not limited to the data acquisition that resides on the media within the Computer. The forensic examiner renders an opinion, based upon the examination of the material that has been recovered. After rendering an opinion and report, to determine whether they are or have been used for criminal, civil or unauthorized activities. Mostly, Computer Forensics experts investigate data storage devices, these include but are not limited to hard drives, portable data devices (USB Drives, External drives, Micro Drives and many more). Computer Forensics experts:
Identify sources of documentary or other digital evidence.
Preserve the evidence.
Analyze the evidence.
Present the findings.
Computer Forensics is done in a fashion that adheres to the standards of evidence that are admissible in a court of law. Thus, Computer Forensics must be techno-legal in nature rather than purely technical or purely legal. Refer to Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations for the US Department of Justice requirements for Computer Forensices and electronic evidence processing.
Content from wikipidai
AVG CPC :$10.25
The simple definition of Computer Forensics
... is the art and science of applying Computer science to aid the legal process. Although plenty of science is attributable to Computer Forensics, most successful investigators possess a nose for investigations and for solving puzzles, which is where the art comes in. - Chris L.T. Brown, Computer Evidence Collection and Preservation, 2006
Thus, it is more than the technological, systematic inspection of the Computer system and its contents for evidence or supportive evidence of a civil wrong or a criminal act. Computer Forensics requires specialized expertise and tools that goes above and beyond the normal data collection and preservation techniques available to end-users or system support personnel. One definition is analogous to "Electronic Evidentiary Recovery, known also as e-discovery, requires the proper tools and knowledge to meet the Court's criteria, whereas Computer Forensics is simply the application of Computer investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence."[1] Another is "a process to answer questions about digital states and events"[2]. This process often involves the investigation and examination Computer system(s), including, but not limited to the data acquisition that resides on the media within the Computer. The forensic examiner renders an opinion, based upon the examination of the material that has been recovered. After rendering an opinion and report, to determine whether they are or have been used for criminal, civil or unauthorized activities. Mostly, Computer Forensics experts investigate data storage devices, these include but are not limited to hard drives, portable data devices (USB Drives, External drives, Micro Drives and many more). Computer Forensics experts:
Identify sources of documentary or other digital evidence.
Preserve the evidence.
Analyze the evidence.
Present the findings.
Computer Forensics is done in a fashion that adheres to the standards of evidence that are admissible in a court of law. Thus, Computer Forensics must be techno-legal in nature rather than purely technical or purely legal. Refer to Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations for the US Department of Justice requirements for Computer Forensices and electronic evidence processing.
Content from wikipidai
Server hardware
Keyword Name:Server hardware
AVG CPC:$5.15
Abount Server hardware
The Systems Management Architecture for Server Hardware (SMASH) is a suite of specifications that deliver industry standard protocols to increase productivity of the management of a data center.
The SMASH Command Line Protocol (SM CLP) specification provides an interface to heterogeneous Servers independent of machine state, operating system or OS state, system topology or access method. It is a standard method for local and remote management of Server Hardware using out-of-band communication.
SMASH is being developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Server Management Working Group (SMWG).
A conformance test and certification program for SMASH is being developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Systems Management Forum (SMF).
Content from wikipidai
AVG CPC:$5.15
Abount Server hardware
The Systems Management Architecture for Server Hardware (SMASH) is a suite of specifications that deliver industry standard protocols to increase productivity of the management of a data center.
The SMASH Command Line Protocol (SM CLP) specification provides an interface to heterogeneous Servers independent of machine state, operating system or OS state, system topology or access method. It is a standard method for local and remote management of Server Hardware using out-of-band communication.
SMASH is being developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Server Management Working Group (SMWG).
A conformance test and certification program for SMASH is being developed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Systems Management Forum (SMF).
Content from wikipidai
Network hardware
Keyword Name:Network hardware
AVG CPC:$5.20
Abount Network hardware
Networking Hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer Network. Typically, this includes routers, switches, access points, Network interface cards and other related Hardware.
The most common kind of Networking Hardware today is copper-based Ethernet adapters, helped largely by its standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. Wireless Networking has become increasingly popular, however, especially for portable and handheld devices.
Other Hardware prevalent within computer Networking is datacenter equipment (such as file servers, database servers and storage areas), Network services (such as DNS, DHCP, email etc) as well as other specific Network devices such as content delivery.
Other diverse devices which may be considered Networking Hardware include mobile phones, PDAs and even modern coffee machines. As technology grows and IP-based Networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, Network Hardware becomes an ambiguous statement owing to the increasing number of 'Network capable' endpoints.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$5.20
Abount Network hardware
Networking Hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer Network. Typically, this includes routers, switches, access points, Network interface cards and other related Hardware.
The most common kind of Networking Hardware today is copper-based Ethernet adapters, helped largely by its standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. Wireless Networking has become increasingly popular, however, especially for portable and handheld devices.
Other Hardware prevalent within computer Networking is datacenter equipment (such as file servers, database servers and storage areas), Network services (such as DNS, DHCP, email etc) as well as other specific Network devices such as content delivery.
Other diverse devices which may be considered Networking Hardware include mobile phones, PDAs and even modern coffee machines. As technology grows and IP-based Networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, Network Hardware becomes an ambiguous statement owing to the increasing number of 'Network capable' endpoints.
Content from wikipidia
Firewall hardware
Keyword Name:Firewall hardware
AVG CPC:$7.01
Abount Firewall hardware
[edit] Hardware Firewalls
The computer's Hardware resources are essentially: the processor, the RAM, and the hard disk. Virtual memory is the content of RAM that is temporarily written onto the hard disk in order to free the RAM chips to hold other content or to supply other data for mathematical processing. For this reason, the virtual memory is open to internet attack just as the RAM is.
Since several ports of a computer need to be open at various times in order for applications to be allowed to bring data in to the user and send it out from the user, (applications such as internet browsers (http - hyper-text transfer protocol) , e-mail programs (smtp - simple mail transfer protocol) and FTP programs (ftp - file transfer protocol) ), most types of Firewalls are necessarily unable to stop the flow of unwanted content via the ports that they have been configured to allow.
Hardware Firewalls are connected to the computer where the phone-line modem or cable modem allows data into the computer and out of the computer. They are external Hardware. They can be configured such that only data bound for designated ports (virtual ways in/out of the computer) are routed to the OS services. A port is essentially only an abstract address since the true data pathway is the cable itself and the modem's jack. Ports are authorizations (in the OS) of data flow to the OS. The Hardware Firewall's function is, therefore, to filter out data coming from restricted origins and thus keep it from accessing the Operating System's services. The net result is that only data bound for ports which were set by the user to be open (in the Firewall's configuration) will always be passed on to the OS services, and to the computer's Hardware resources.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$7.01
Abount Firewall hardware
[edit] Hardware Firewalls
The computer's Hardware resources are essentially: the processor, the RAM, and the hard disk. Virtual memory is the content of RAM that is temporarily written onto the hard disk in order to free the RAM chips to hold other content or to supply other data for mathematical processing. For this reason, the virtual memory is open to internet attack just as the RAM is.
Since several ports of a computer need to be open at various times in order for applications to be allowed to bring data in to the user and send it out from the user, (applications such as internet browsers (http - hyper-text transfer protocol) , e-mail programs (smtp - simple mail transfer protocol) and FTP programs (ftp - file transfer protocol) ), most types of Firewalls are necessarily unable to stop the flow of unwanted content via the ports that they have been configured to allow.
Hardware Firewalls are connected to the computer where the phone-line modem or cable modem allows data into the computer and out of the computer. They are external Hardware. They can be configured such that only data bound for designated ports (virtual ways in/out of the computer) are routed to the OS services. A port is essentially only an abstract address since the true data pathway is the cable itself and the modem's jack. Ports are authorizations (in the OS) of data flow to the OS. The Hardware Firewall's function is, therefore, to filter out data coming from restricted origins and thus keep it from accessing the Operating System's services. The net result is that only data bound for ports which were set by the user to be open (in the Firewall's configuration) will always be passed on to the OS services, and to the computer's Hardware resources.
Content from wikipidia
Hardware house
Keyword Name:Hardware house
AVG CPC:$7.81
Abount Hardware house
(In the automation and engineering environments, the Hardware engineer or architect encompasses the electronic engineering and electrical engineering fields, with subspecialities in analog, digital, or electromechanical systems.)
The Hardware systems architect or Hardware architect is responsible for:
Interfacing with a systems architect or client stakeholders. It is extraordinarily rare nowadays for sufficiently large and/or complex Hardware systems that require a Hardware architect not to require substantial software and a systems architect. The Hardware architect will therefore normally interface with a systems architect, rather than directly with user(s), sponsor(s), or other client stakeholders. However, in the absence of a systems architect, the Hardware systems architect must be prepared to interface directly with the client stakeholders in order to determine their (evolving) needs to be realized in Hardware. The Hardware architect may also need to interface directly with a software architect or engineer(s), or with other Mechanical or Electrical Engineers.
Generating the highest level of Hardware requirements, based on the user's needs and other constraints such as cost and schedule.
Ensuring that this set of high level requirements is consistent, complete, correct, and operationally defined.
Performing cost-benefit analyses to determine the best methods or approaches for meeting the Hardware requirements; making maximum use of commercial off-the-shelf or already developed components.
Developing partitioning algorithms (and other processes) to allocate all present and foreseeable (Hardware) requirements into discrete Hardware partitions such that a minimum of communications is needed among partitions, and between the user and the system.
Partitioning large Hardware systems into (successive layers of) subsystems and components each of which can be handled by a single Hardware engineer or team of engineers.
Ensuring that a maximally robust Hardware architecture is developed.
Generating a set of acceptance test requirements, together with the designers, test engineers, and the user, which determine that all of the high level Hardware requirements have been met, especially for the computer-human-interface.
Generating products such as sketches, models, an early user's manual, and prototypes to keep the user and the engineers constantly up to date and in agreement on the system to be provided as it is evolving.
Content from Wikipidia
AVG CPC:$7.81
Abount Hardware house
(In the automation and engineering environments, the Hardware engineer or architect encompasses the electronic engineering and electrical engineering fields, with subspecialities in analog, digital, or electromechanical systems.)
The Hardware systems architect or Hardware architect is responsible for:
Interfacing with a systems architect or client stakeholders. It is extraordinarily rare nowadays for sufficiently large and/or complex Hardware systems that require a Hardware architect not to require substantial software and a systems architect. The Hardware architect will therefore normally interface with a systems architect, rather than directly with user(s), sponsor(s), or other client stakeholders. However, in the absence of a systems architect, the Hardware systems architect must be prepared to interface directly with the client stakeholders in order to determine their (evolving) needs to be realized in Hardware. The Hardware architect may also need to interface directly with a software architect or engineer(s), or with other Mechanical or Electrical Engineers.
Generating the highest level of Hardware requirements, based on the user's needs and other constraints such as cost and schedule.
Ensuring that this set of high level requirements is consistent, complete, correct, and operationally defined.
Performing cost-benefit analyses to determine the best methods or approaches for meeting the Hardware requirements; making maximum use of commercial off-the-shelf or already developed components.
Developing partitioning algorithms (and other processes) to allocate all present and foreseeable (Hardware) requirements into discrete Hardware partitions such that a minimum of communications is needed among partitions, and between the user and the system.
Partitioning large Hardware systems into (successive layers of) subsystems and components each of which can be handled by a single Hardware engineer or team of engineers.
Ensuring that a maximally robust Hardware architecture is developed.
Generating a set of acceptance test requirements, together with the designers, test engineers, and the user, which determine that all of the high level Hardware requirements have been met, especially for the computer-human-interface.
Generating products such as sketches, models, an early user's manual, and prototypes to keep the user and the engineers constantly up to date and in agreement on the system to be provided as it is evolving.
Content from Wikipidia
Database software
Keyword Name:database software
database software$7.17
Abount database software
A DBMS is a complex set of Software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a Database. A DBMS includes:
A modeling language to define the schema of each Database hosted in the DBMS, according to the DBMS data model.
The four most common types of organizations are the hierarchical, network, relational and object models. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. A given Database management system may provide one or more of the four models. The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the application's data, and on the application's requirements (which include transaction rate (speed), reliability, maintainability, scalability, and cost).
The dominant model in use today is the ad hoc one embedded in SQL, despite the objections of purists who believe this model is a corruption of the relational model, since it violates several of its fundamental principles for the sake of practicality and performance. Many DBMSs also support the Open Database Connectivity API that supports a standard way for programmers to access the DBMS.
Data structures (fields, records, files and objects) optimized to deal with very large amounts of data stored on a permanent data storage device (which implies relatively slow access compared to volatile main memory).
A Database query language and report writer to allow users to interactively interrogate the Database, analyze its data and update it according to the users privileges on data.
It also controls the security of the Database.
Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the Database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire Database or subsets of it called subschemas. For example, an employee Database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data.
If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the Database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal Databases. However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of controls necessary in a multi-user organization. These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customized for each data entry and updating function.
A transaction mechanism, that ideally would guarantee the ACID properties, in order to ensure data integrity, despite concurrent user accesses (concurrency control), and faults (fault tolerance).
It also maintains the integrity of the data in the Database.
The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the Database by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can help prevent duplicate records via unique index constraints; for example, no two customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the Database. See ACID properties for more information (Redundancy avoidance).
The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.
When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organization's information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the Database without disruption to the existing system.
Organizations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed Database design is performed by Database administrators.
Database servers are specially designed computers that hold the actual Databases and run only the DBMS and related Software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. Connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, hardware Database accelerators are also used in large volume transaction processing environments.
DBMSs are found at the heart of most Database applications. Sometimes DBMSs are built around a private multitasking kernel with built-in networking support although nowadays these functions are left to the operating system.
Content from Wikipidia
database software$7.17
Abount database software
A DBMS is a complex set of Software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a Database. A DBMS includes:
A modeling language to define the schema of each Database hosted in the DBMS, according to the DBMS data model.
The four most common types of organizations are the hierarchical, network, relational and object models. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. A given Database management system may provide one or more of the four models. The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the application's data, and on the application's requirements (which include transaction rate (speed), reliability, maintainability, scalability, and cost).
The dominant model in use today is the ad hoc one embedded in SQL, despite the objections of purists who believe this model is a corruption of the relational model, since it violates several of its fundamental principles for the sake of practicality and performance. Many DBMSs also support the Open Database Connectivity API that supports a standard way for programmers to access the DBMS.
Data structures (fields, records, files and objects) optimized to deal with very large amounts of data stored on a permanent data storage device (which implies relatively slow access compared to volatile main memory).
A Database query language and report writer to allow users to interactively interrogate the Database, analyze its data and update it according to the users privileges on data.
It also controls the security of the Database.
Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the Database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire Database or subsets of it called subschemas. For example, an employee Database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data.
If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the Database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal Databases. However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of controls necessary in a multi-user organization. These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customized for each data entry and updating function.
A transaction mechanism, that ideally would guarantee the ACID properties, in order to ensure data integrity, despite concurrent user accesses (concurrency control), and faults (fault tolerance).
It also maintains the integrity of the data in the Database.
The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the Database by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can help prevent duplicate records via unique index constraints; for example, no two customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the Database. See ACID properties for more information (Redundancy avoidance).
The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.
When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organization's information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the Database without disruption to the existing system.
Organizations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed Database design is performed by Database administrators.
Database servers are specially designed computers that hold the actual Databases and run only the DBMS and related Software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. Connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, hardware Database accelerators are also used in large volume transaction processing environments.
DBMSs are found at the heart of most Database applications. Sometimes DBMSs are built around a private multitasking kernel with built-in networking support although nowadays these functions are left to the operating system.
Content from Wikipidia
Software solution
Keyword Name:software solution
AVG CPC:$7.62
Abount software solution
The Software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise Software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships between them. The term also refers to documentation of a system's Software architecture. Documenting Software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, documents early decisions about high-level design, and allows reuse of design components and patterns between projects
The field of computer science has come across problems associated with complexity since its formation.[2] Earlier problems of complexity were solved by developers by choosing the right data structures, developing algorithms, and by applying the concept of separation of concerns. Although the term “Software architecture” is relatively new to the industry, the fundamental principles of the field have been applied sporadically by Software engineering pioneers since mid 1980s. Early attempts to capture and explain Software architecture of a system were imprecise and disorganized - often characterized by a set of box-and-line diagrams.[3] During the 1990’s there was a concentrated effort to define and codify fundamental aspects of the discipline. Initial sets of design patterns, styles, best practices, description languages, and formal logic were developed during that time.
The Software architecture discipline is centered on the idea of reducing complexity through abstraction and separation of concerns. To date there is still no agreement on the precise definition of the term “Software architecture”.[4]
As a maturing discipline with no clear rules on the right way to build a system, designing Software architecture is still a mix of art and science. The “art” aspect of Software architecture is because a commercial Software system supports some aspect of a business or a mission. How a system supports key business drivers is described via scenarios as non-functional requirements of a system, also known as quality attributes, determine how a system will behave.[5] Every system is unique due to the nature of the business drivers it supports, as such the degree of quality attributes exhibited by a system such as fault-tolerance, backward compatibility, extensibility, reliability, maintainability, availability, security, usability, and such other –ilities will vary with each implementation.[5]
To bring a Software architecture user's perspective into the Software architecture, it can be said that Software architecture gives the direction to take steps and do the tasks involved in each such user's speciality area and interest e.g. the stake holders of Software systems, the Software developer, the Software system operational support group, the Software maintenance specialists, the deployer, the tester and also the business end user[citation needed]. In this sense Software architecture is really the amalgamation of the multiple perspectives a system always embodies. The fact that those several different perspectives can be put together into a Software architecture stands as the vindication of the need and justification of creation of Software architecture before the Software development in a project attains maturity.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$7.62
Abount software solution
The Software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise Software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships between them. The term also refers to documentation of a system's Software architecture. Documenting Software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, documents early decisions about high-level design, and allows reuse of design components and patterns between projects
The field of computer science has come across problems associated with complexity since its formation.[2] Earlier problems of complexity were solved by developers by choosing the right data structures, developing algorithms, and by applying the concept of separation of concerns. Although the term “Software architecture” is relatively new to the industry, the fundamental principles of the field have been applied sporadically by Software engineering pioneers since mid 1980s. Early attempts to capture and explain Software architecture of a system were imprecise and disorganized - often characterized by a set of box-and-line diagrams.[3] During the 1990’s there was a concentrated effort to define and codify fundamental aspects of the discipline. Initial sets of design patterns, styles, best practices, description languages, and formal logic were developed during that time.
The Software architecture discipline is centered on the idea of reducing complexity through abstraction and separation of concerns. To date there is still no agreement on the precise definition of the term “Software architecture”.[4]
As a maturing discipline with no clear rules on the right way to build a system, designing Software architecture is still a mix of art and science. The “art” aspect of Software architecture is because a commercial Software system supports some aspect of a business or a mission. How a system supports key business drivers is described via scenarios as non-functional requirements of a system, also known as quality attributes, determine how a system will behave.[5] Every system is unique due to the nature of the business drivers it supports, as such the degree of quality attributes exhibited by a system such as fault-tolerance, backward compatibility, extensibility, reliability, maintainability, availability, security, usability, and such other –ilities will vary with each implementation.[5]
To bring a Software architecture user's perspective into the Software architecture, it can be said that Software architecture gives the direction to take steps and do the tasks involved in each such user's speciality area and interest e.g. the stake holders of Software systems, the Software developer, the Software system operational support group, the Software maintenance specialists, the deployer, the tester and also the business end user[citation needed]. In this sense Software architecture is really the amalgamation of the multiple perspectives a system always embodies. The fact that those several different perspectives can be put together into a Software architecture stands as the vindication of the need and justification of creation of Software architecture before the Software development in a project attains maturity.
Content from wikipidia
Business software
Keyword : business software
AVG CPC:$8.11
Abount business software
Business software is generally any Software program that helps a Business increase productivity or measure their productivity. The term covers a large variation of uses within the Business environment, and can be categorized by using a small, medium and large matrix:
The small Business market generally consists of home accounting Software, and office suites such as Microsoft Office and OpenOffice.org.
The medium size, or SME, has a broader range of Software applications, ranging from accounting, groupware, customer relationship management, human resources Software, outsourcing relationship management, loan origination Software, shopping cart Software, field service Software, and other productivity enhancing applications.
The last segment covers enterprise level Software applications, such as those in the fields of enterprise resource planning, enterprise content management (ECM), Business process management and product lifecycle management. These applications are extensive in scope, and often come with modules that either add native functions, or incorporate the functionality of third-party Software programs.
Now, technologies that have previously only existed in peer-to-peer Software applications, like Kazaa and Napster, are starting to feature within Business applications. JXTA is an open source platform that enables the creation of machine and language neutral applications. Peer based applications will be especially useful for aggregating the information at the edge of the network that currently resides in the neurons of the
Types of business Software tools
Digital Dashboards - Also known as Business Intelligence Dashboards, Enterprise Dashboards, or Executive Dashboards, these are visually-based summaries of business data that show at-a-glance understanding of business conditions through metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A very popular BI tool that has arisen in the last few years.
Online Analytical Processing, commonly known as OLAP (including HOLAP, ROLAP and MOLAP)- a capability of some management, decision support, and executive information systems that supports interactive examination of large amounts of data from many perspectives.[1]
Reporting Software generates aggregated views of data to keep the management informed about the state of their business.
Data mining - extraction of consumer information from a database by utilizing Software that can isolate and identify previously unknown patterns or trends in large amounts of data. There are a variety of data mining techniques that reveal different types of patterns.[2]. Some of the techniques that belong here are Statistical methods (particularly Business statistics) and Neural networks as very advanced means of analysing data.
Business performance management (BPM)
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.11
Abount business software
Business software is generally any Software program that helps a Business increase productivity or measure their productivity. The term covers a large variation of uses within the Business environment, and can be categorized by using a small, medium and large matrix:
The small Business market generally consists of home accounting Software, and office suites such as Microsoft Office and OpenOffice.org.
The medium size, or SME, has a broader range of Software applications, ranging from accounting, groupware, customer relationship management, human resources Software, outsourcing relationship management, loan origination Software, shopping cart Software, field service Software, and other productivity enhancing applications.
The last segment covers enterprise level Software applications, such as those in the fields of enterprise resource planning, enterprise content management (ECM), Business process management and product lifecycle management. These applications are extensive in scope, and often come with modules that either add native functions, or incorporate the functionality of third-party Software programs.
Now, technologies that have previously only existed in peer-to-peer Software applications, like Kazaa and Napster, are starting to feature within Business applications. JXTA is an open source platform that enables the creation of machine and language neutral applications. Peer based applications will be especially useful for aggregating the information at the edge of the network that currently resides in the neurons of the
Types of business Software tools
Digital Dashboards - Also known as Business Intelligence Dashboards, Enterprise Dashboards, or Executive Dashboards, these are visually-based summaries of business data that show at-a-glance understanding of business conditions through metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A very popular BI tool that has arisen in the last few years.
Online Analytical Processing, commonly known as OLAP (including HOLAP, ROLAP and MOLAP)- a capability of some management, decision support, and executive information systems that supports interactive examination of large amounts of data from many perspectives.[1]
Reporting Software generates aggregated views of data to keep the management informed about the state of their business.
Data mining - extraction of consumer information from a database by utilizing Software that can isolate and identify previously unknown patterns or trends in large amounts of data. There are a variety of data mining techniques that reveal different types of patterns.[2]. Some of the techniques that belong here are Statistical methods (particularly Business statistics) and Neural networks as very advanced means of analysing data.
Business performance management (BPM)
Content from wikipidia
Network software
Keyword Name :network software
AVG CPC:$8.25
Abount network software
In order to define Network Software one must first define the individual terms “Network” and “Software”.
A Network is made up of two or more computers that are linked together. Networks can be used to send information from one person to another, to play games with or talk to a friend or to combine computing power.
The definition of Software is a computer based program written to perform certain tasks.
So using our definitions of “Network” and “Software”, we can begin to understand what Network Software is. Network Software is the information, data or programming used to make it possible for computers to communicate or connect to one another.
Network Software is the data used to efficiently send information from one computer to another.It encloses the information to be sent in a “package”, this contains a “header” and a “trailer”. The header and trailer contain information for the computer the information package is being sent to, like the address of that computer and how the information package is coded. Information is transferred between computers as either electrical signals in electric wires, as light signals in fiber-optic cables, or as electromagnetic waves through space.
Content from Wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.25
Abount network software
In order to define Network Software one must first define the individual terms “Network” and “Software”.
A Network is made up of two or more computers that are linked together. Networks can be used to send information from one person to another, to play games with or talk to a friend or to combine computing power.
The definition of Software is a computer based program written to perform certain tasks.
So using our definitions of “Network” and “Software”, we can begin to understand what Network Software is. Network Software is the information, data or programming used to make it possible for computers to communicate or connect to one another.
Network Software is the data used to efficiently send information from one computer to another.It encloses the information to be sent in a “package”, this contains a “header” and a “trailer”. The header and trailer contain information for the computer the information package is being sent to, like the address of that computer and how the information package is coded. Information is transferred between computers as either electrical signals in electric wires, as light signals in fiber-optic cables, or as electromagnetic waves through space.
Content from Wikipidia
Inventory software
Keyword Name :inventory software
AVG CPC:$8.49
Abount inventory software
An Inventory control system is an integrated package of Software and hardware used in warehouse operations, and elsewhere, to monitor the quantity, location and status of Inventory as well as the related shipping, receiving, picking and putaway processes. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the Software components.
Modern Inventory control systems rely upon barcodes, and potentially RFID tags, to provide automatic identification of Inventory objects. In an academic study[1] performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset: merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. To record an Inventory transaction, the system uses a barcode scanner or RFID reader to automatically identify the Inventory object, and then collects additional information from the operators via fixed terminals (workstations), or mobile computers.
Applications
An Inventory control system may be used to automate a sales order fulfillment process. Such a system contains a list of order to be filled, and then prompts workers to pick the necessary items, and provides them with packaging and shipping information.
Real time Inventory control systems use wireless, mobile terminals to record Inventory transactions at the moment they occur. A wireless LAN transmits the transaction information to a central database.
Physical Inventory counting and cycle counting are features of many Inventory control systems which can enhance the organization.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.49
Abount inventory software
An Inventory control system is an integrated package of Software and hardware used in warehouse operations, and elsewhere, to monitor the quantity, location and status of Inventory as well as the related shipping, receiving, picking and putaway processes. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the Software components.
Modern Inventory control systems rely upon barcodes, and potentially RFID tags, to provide automatic identification of Inventory objects. In an academic study[1] performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset: merchandise, consumables, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. To record an Inventory transaction, the system uses a barcode scanner or RFID reader to automatically identify the Inventory object, and then collects additional information from the operators via fixed terminals (workstations), or mobile computers.
Applications
An Inventory control system may be used to automate a sales order fulfillment process. Such a system contains a list of order to be filled, and then prompts workers to pick the necessary items, and provides them with packaging and shipping information.
Real time Inventory control systems use wireless, mobile terminals to record Inventory transactions at the moment they occur. A wireless LAN transmits the transaction information to a central database.
Physical Inventory counting and cycle counting are features of many Inventory control systems which can enhance the organization.
Content from wikipidia
backup software
Keyword Name:backup software
AVG CPC:$8.72
Abount backup software
Backup software is software designed to backup data for the purpose of having a second copy of an original source in case of damage to the original data source.
Key features of BACKUP SOFTWARE
There are several features of BACKUP SOFTWARE that make it more effective in backing up data.
Volumes
Voluming allows the ability to compress and split BACKUP data into separate parts for storage on smaller, removable media such as CDs. It was often used because CDs were easy to transport off-site and inexpensive compared to hard drives or servers.
However, the recent increase in hard drive capacity and decrease in drive cost has made voluming a far less popular solution. The introduction of small, portable, durable USB drives, and the increase in broadband capacity has provided easier and more secure methods of transporting BACKUP data off-site.
Data compression
Since hard drive space has cost, compressing the data will reduce the size allowing for less drive space to be used to save money.
Remote BACKUP
Main article: Remote BACKUP
Several factors have contributed to a surge in the use of remote or offsite BACKUP of data to geographically distant sites.
The rapid growth of data and its importance to business.
The rapid adoption of high-speed broadband internet.
The falling price of disk drive technology.
The rise of risks such as hackers, hurricanes, viruses, hardware failure.
These structural changes present opportunities for young startups, which are serving this growing market with next-generation BACKUP technologies that automatically BACKUP data to offsite data centers (sometimes called vaults) via the Internet. Many banks, stock exchanges, and other large institutions often do this to ensure data integrity.
Access to open files
Main article: File locking
Many BACKUP solutions offer a plug-in for access to exclusive, in use, and locked files.
Incremental backups
Main article: BACKUP rotation scheme
BACKUP solutions generally support incremental backups in addition to full backups, so only material that is newer or changed compared to the backed up data is actually backed up, in order to dramatically increase the speed of the BACKUP process.
Schedules
Main article: Job scheduler
Backup schedules are usually supported to reduce maintenance of the BACKUP tool and increase the reliability of the backups.
Encryption
Main article: Encryption
To prevent data theft some BACKUP SOFTWARE offers cryptography features to protect the BACKUP.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.72
Abount backup software
Backup software is software designed to backup data for the purpose of having a second copy of an original source in case of damage to the original data source.
Key features of BACKUP SOFTWARE
There are several features of BACKUP SOFTWARE that make it more effective in backing up data.
Volumes
Voluming allows the ability to compress and split BACKUP data into separate parts for storage on smaller, removable media such as CDs. It was often used because CDs were easy to transport off-site and inexpensive compared to hard drives or servers.
However, the recent increase in hard drive capacity and decrease in drive cost has made voluming a far less popular solution. The introduction of small, portable, durable USB drives, and the increase in broadband capacity has provided easier and more secure methods of transporting BACKUP data off-site.
Data compression
Since hard drive space has cost, compressing the data will reduce the size allowing for less drive space to be used to save money.
Remote BACKUP
Main article: Remote BACKUP
Several factors have contributed to a surge in the use of remote or offsite BACKUP of data to geographically distant sites.
The rapid growth of data and its importance to business.
The rapid adoption of high-speed broadband internet.
The falling price of disk drive technology.
The rise of risks such as hackers, hurricanes, viruses, hardware failure.
These structural changes present opportunities for young startups, which are serving this growing market with next-generation BACKUP technologies that automatically BACKUP data to offsite data centers (sometimes called vaults) via the Internet. Many banks, stock exchanges, and other large institutions often do this to ensure data integrity.
Access to open files
Main article: File locking
Many BACKUP solutions offer a plug-in for access to exclusive, in use, and locked files.
Incremental backups
Main article: BACKUP rotation scheme
BACKUP solutions generally support incremental backups in addition to full backups, so only material that is newer or changed compared to the backed up data is actually backed up, in order to dramatically increase the speed of the BACKUP process.
Schedules
Main article: Job scheduler
Backup schedules are usually supported to reduce maintenance of the BACKUP tool and increase the reliability of the backups.
Encryption
Main article: Encryption
To prevent data theft some BACKUP SOFTWARE offers cryptography features to protect the BACKUP.
Content from wikipidia
software project
Keyword Name:software project
AVG CPC:$8.74
Abount software project
Project management software is a term covering many types of software, including scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration software, communication, quality management and documentation or administration systems, which are used to deal with the complexity of large projects.
Tasks of project management software
Scheduling
One of the most common tasks is to schedule a series of events, and the complexity of this task can vary considerably depending on how the tool is used. Some common challenges include:
Events which depend on one another in different ways or dependencies
Scheduling people to work on, and resources required by, the various tasks commonly termed resource scheduling
Dealing with uncertainties in the estimates of the duration of each task
Arranging tasks to meet various deadlines
Juggling multiple projects simultaneously to meet a variety of requirements
Calculating critical path
In many complex schedules, there will be a critical path, or series of events that depend on each other, and whose durations directly determine the length of the whole project (see also critical chain). Some software applications (for example, Dependency Structure Matrix solutions) can highlight these tasks, which are often a good candidate for any optimization effort.
Providing informationProject planning software needs to provide a lot of information to various people, to justify the time spent using it. Typical requirements might include:
Tasks lists for people, and allocation schedules for resources
Overview information on how long tasks will take to complete
Early warning of any risks to the project
Information on workload, for planning holidays
Evidence
Historical information on how projects have progressed, and in particular, how actual and planned performance are related.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.74
Abount software project
Project management software is a term covering many types of software, including scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration software, communication, quality management and documentation or administration systems, which are used to deal with the complexity of large projects.
Tasks of project management software
Scheduling
One of the most common tasks is to schedule a series of events, and the complexity of this task can vary considerably depending on how the tool is used. Some common challenges include:
Events which depend on one another in different ways or dependencies
Scheduling people to work on, and resources required by, the various tasks commonly termed resource scheduling
Dealing with uncertainties in the estimates of the duration of each task
Arranging tasks to meet various deadlines
Juggling multiple projects simultaneously to meet a variety of requirements
Calculating critical path
In many complex schedules, there will be a critical path, or series of events that depend on each other, and whose durations directly determine the length of the whole project (see also critical chain). Some software applications (for example, Dependency Structure Matrix solutions) can highlight these tasks, which are often a good candidate for any optimization effort.
Providing informationProject planning software needs to provide a lot of information to various people, to justify the time spent using it. Typical requirements might include:
Tasks lists for people, and allocation schedules for resources
Overview information on how long tasks will take to complete
Early warning of any risks to the project
Information on workload, for planning holidays
Evidence
Historical information on how projects have progressed, and in particular, how actual and planned performance are related.
Content from wikipidia
erp software
Keyword Name:erp software
AVG CPC:$8.90
Abount erp software
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.
Implementation
Because of their wide scope of application within a business, ERP SOFTWARE systems are typically complex and usually impose significant changes on staff work practices.[citation needed] Implementing ERP SOFTWARE is typically not an "in-house" skill, so even smaller projects are more cost effective if specialist ERP implementation consultants are employed.[citation needed] The length of time to implement an ERP system depends on the size of the business, the scope of the change and willingness of the customer to take ownership for the project.[citation needed] A small project (e.g., a company of less than 100 staff) may be planned and delivered within 3-9 months; however, a large, multi-site or multi-country implementation may take years.[citation needed]
To implement ERP systems, companies often seek the help of an ERP vendor or of third-party consulting companies. These firms typically provide three areas of professional services: consulting, customization and support.
Process preparation
ERP vendors have designed their systems around standard business processes, based upon best business practices. Different vendors have different types of processes but they are all of a standard, modular nature. Firms that want to implement ERP systems are consequently forced to adapt their organizations to standardized processes as opposed to adapting the ERP package to the existing processes.[5] Neglecting to map current business processes prior to starting ERP implementation is a main reason for failure of ERP projects.[6] It is therefore crucial that organizations perform a thorough business process analysis before selecting an ERP vendor and setting off on the implementation track. This analysis should map out all present operational processes, enabling selection of an ERP vendor whose standard modules are most closely aligned with the established organization. Redesign can then be implemented to achieve further process congruence. Research indicates that the risk of business process mismatch is decreased by:
- linking each current organizational process to the organization's strategy;
- analyzing the effectiveness of each process in light of its current related business capability;
- understanding the automated solutions currently implemented.[7] [8]
A disadvantage usually attributed to ERP is that business process redesign to fit the standardized ERP modules can lead to a loss of competitive advantage. While documented cases exist where this has indeed materialized, other cases show that following thorough process preparation ERP systems can actually increase sustainable competitive advantage.[9][10]
Configuration
Configuring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way you want the system to work with the way the system lets you work. Begin by deciding which modules to install, then adjust the system using configuration tables to achieve the best possible fit in working with your company’s processes.
Modules - Most systems are modular simply for the flexibility of implementing some functions but not others. Some common modules, such as finance and accounting are adopted by nearly all companies implementing entERPrise systems; others however such as human resource management are not needed by some companies and therefore not adopted. A service company for example will not likely need a module for manufacturing. Other times companies will not adopt a module because they already have their own proprietary system they believe to be superior. Generally speaking the greater number of modules selected, the greater the integration benefits, but also the increase in costs, risks and changes involved.
Configuration Tables – A configuration table enables a company to tailor a particular aspect of the system to the way it chooses to do business. For example, an organization can select the type of inventory accounting – FIFO or LIFO – it will employ or whether it wants to recognize revenue by geographical unit, product line, or distribution channel.
So what happens when the options the system allows just aren’t good enough? At this point a company has two choices, both of which are not ideal. It can re-write some of the entERPrise system’s code, or it can continue to use an existing system and build interfaces between it and the new entERPrise system. Both options will add time and cost to the implementation process. Additionally they can dilute the system’s integration benefits. The more customized the system becomes the less possible seamless communication becomes between suppliers and customers.
Consulting Services
Consulting team is typically responsible for your initial ERP implementation and subsequent delivery of work to tailor the system beyond "go live". Typically such tailoring includes additional product training; creation of process triggers and workflow; specialist advice to improve how the ERP is used in the business; system optimization; and assistance writing reports, complex data extracts or implementing Business Intelligence.
The consulting team is also responsible for planning and jointly testing the implementation. This is a critical part of the project, and one that is often overlooked.
Consulting for a large ERP project involves three levels: systems architecture, business process consulting (primarily re-engineering) and technical consulting (primarily programming and tool configuration activity). A systems architect designs the overall dataflow for the entERPrise including the future dataflow plan. A business consultant studies an organization's current business processes and matches them to the corresponding processes in the ERP system, thus 'configuring' the ERP system to the organization's needs. Technical consulting often involves programming. Most ERP vendors allow modification of their SOFTWARE to suit the business needs of their customer.
For most mid-sized companies, the cost of the implementation will range from around the list price of the ERP user licenses to up to twice this amount (depending on the level of customization required). Large companies, and especially those with multiple sites or countries, will often spend considerably more on the implementation than the cost of the user licenses -- three to five times more is not uncommon for a multi-site implementation.[citation needed]
Customization Services
The Customization is the process of extending or changing how the system works by writing new user interfaces and underlying application code. Such customisations typically reflect local work practices that are not currently in the core routines of the ERP system SOFTWARE.
Examples of such code include early adopter features (e.g., mobility interfaces were uncommon a few years ago and were typically customised) or interfacing to third party applications (this is 'bread and butter' customization for larger implementations as there are typically dozens of ancillary systems that the core ERP SOFTWARE has to interact with). The Professional Services team is also involved during ERP upgrades to ensure that customizations are compatible with the new release. In some cases the functions delivered via a previous customization may have been subsequently incorporated into the core routines of the ERP SOFTWARE, allowing customers to revert back to standard product and retire the customization completely.
Customizing an ERP package can be very expensive and complicated, because many ERP packages are not designed to support customization, so most businesses implement the best practices embedded in the acquired ERP system. Some ERP packages are very generic in their reports and inquiries, such that customization is expected in every implementation. It is important to recognize that for these packages it often makes sense to buy third party plug-ins that interface well with your ERP SOFTWARE rather than reinventing the wheel.
Customization work is usually undertaken as bespoke SOFTWARE development on a time and materials basis. Because of the specialist nature of the customization and the 'one off' aspect of the work, it is common to pay in the order of $200 per hour for this work. Also, in many cases the work delivered as customization is not covered by the ERP vendors Maintenance Agreement, so while there is typically a 90-day warranty against SOFTWARE faults in the custom code, there is no obligation on the ERP vendor to warrant that the code works with the next upgrade or point release of the core product.
One often neglected aspect of customization is the associated documentation. While it can seem like a considerable -- and expensive -- overhead to the customization project, it is critical that someone is responsible for the creation and user testing of the documentation. Without the description on how to use the customisation, the effort is largely wasted as it becomes difficult to train new staff in the work practice that the customization delivers.
Maintenance and Support Services
Once your system has been implemented, the consulting company will typically enter into a Support Agreement to assist your staff to keep the ERP SOFTWARE running in an optimal way. To minimize additional costs and provide more realism into the needs of the units to be affected by ERP (as an added service to customers), the option of creating a committee headed by the consultant using participative management approach during the design stage with the client's heads of departments (no substitutes allowed) to be affected by the changes in ERPs to provide hands on management control requirements planning. This would allow direct long term projections into the client's needs, thus minimizing future conversion patches (at least for the 1st 5 years operation unless there is a corporate-wide organizational structural change involving operational systems) on a more dedicated approach to initial conversion.
A Maintenance Agreement typically provides you rights to all current version patches, and both minor and major releases, and will most likely allow your staff to raise support calls. While there is no standard cost for this type of agreement, they are typically between 15% and 20% of the list price of the ERP user licenses.
Advantages
In the absence of an ERP system, a large manufacturer may find itself with many SOFTWARE applications that do not talk to each other and do not effectively interface. Tasks that need to interface with one another may involve:
design engineering (how to best make the product)
order tracking from acceptance through fulfillment
the revenue cycle from invoice through cash receipt
managing interdependencies of complex Bill of Materials
tracking the 3-way match between Purchase orders (what was ordered), Inventory receipts (what arrived), and Costing (what the vendor invoiced)
the Accounting for all of these tasks, tracking the Revenue, Cost and Profit on a granular level.
Change how a product is made, in the engineering details, and that is how it will now be made. Effective dates can be used to control when the switch over will occur from an old version to the next one, both the date that some ingredients go into effect, and date that some are discontinued. Part of the change can include labeling to identify version numbers.
Some security features are included within an ERP system to protect against both outsider crime, such as industrial espionage, and insider crime, such as embezzlement. A data tampering scenario might involve a disgruntled employee intentionally modifying prices to below the breakeven point in order to attempt to take down the company, or other sabotage. ERP systems typically provide functionality for implementing internal controls to prevent actions of this kind. ERP vendors are also moving toward better integration with other kinds of information security tools.[11]
Disadvantages
Many problems organizations have with ERP systems are due to inadequate investment in ongoing training for involved personnel, including those implementing and testing changes, as well as a lack of corporate policy protecting the integrity of the data in the ERP systems and how it is used.
Limitations of ERP include:
Success depends on the skill and experience of the workforce, including training about how to make the system work correctly.
Small entERPrises are often undercapitalized & are also not updated about the latest offerings in the market
Personnel turnover; companies can employ new managers lacking education in the company's ERP system, proposing changes in business practices that are out of synchronization with the best utilization of the company's selected ERP.
Customization of the ERP SOFTWARE is limited. Some customization may involve changing of the ERP SOFTWARE structure which is usually not allowed.
Re-engineering of business processes to fit the "industry standard" prescribed by the ERP system may lead to a loss of competitive advantage.
ERP systems can be very expensive to install often ranging from 30,000 US Dollars to 500,000,000 US Dollars for multinational companies.
ERP vendors can charge sums of money for annual license renewal that is unrelated to the size of the company using the ERP or its profitability.
Technical support personnel often give replies to callers that are inappropriate for the caller's corporate structure. Computer security concerns arise, for example when telling a non-programmer how to change a database on the fly, at a company that requires an audit trail of changes so as to meet some regulatory standards.
ERPs are often seen as too rigid and too difficult to adapt to the specific workflow and business process of some companies—this is cited as one of the main causes of their failure.
Systems can be difficult to use.
Systems are too restrictive and do not allow much flexibility in implementation and usage.
The system can suffer from the "weakest link" problem—an inefficiency in one department or at one of the partners may affect other participants.
Many of the integrated links need high accuracy in other applications to work effectively. A company can achieve minimum standards, then over time "dirty data" will reduce the reliability of some applications.
Once a system is established, switching costs are very high for any one of the partners (reducing flexibility and strategic control at the corporate level).
The blurring of company boundaries can cause problems in accountability, lines of responsibility, and employee morale.
Resistance in sharing sensitive internal information between departments can reduce the effectiveness of the SOFTWARE.
Some large organizations may have multiple departments with separate, independent resources, missions, chains-of-command, etc, and consolidation into a single entERPrise may yield limited benefits.
There are frequent compatibility problems with the various legacy systems of the partners.
The system may be over-engineered relative to the actual needs of the customer.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC:$8.90
Abount erp software
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.
Implementation
Because of their wide scope of application within a business, ERP SOFTWARE systems are typically complex and usually impose significant changes on staff work practices.[citation needed] Implementing ERP SOFTWARE is typically not an "in-house" skill, so even smaller projects are more cost effective if specialist ERP implementation consultants are employed.[citation needed] The length of time to implement an ERP system depends on the size of the business, the scope of the change and willingness of the customer to take ownership for the project.[citation needed] A small project (e.g., a company of less than 100 staff) may be planned and delivered within 3-9 months; however, a large, multi-site or multi-country implementation may take years.[citation needed]
To implement ERP systems, companies often seek the help of an ERP vendor or of third-party consulting companies. These firms typically provide three areas of professional services: consulting, customization and support.
Process preparation
ERP vendors have designed their systems around standard business processes, based upon best business practices. Different vendors have different types of processes but they are all of a standard, modular nature. Firms that want to implement ERP systems are consequently forced to adapt their organizations to standardized processes as opposed to adapting the ERP package to the existing processes.[5] Neglecting to map current business processes prior to starting ERP implementation is a main reason for failure of ERP projects.[6] It is therefore crucial that organizations perform a thorough business process analysis before selecting an ERP vendor and setting off on the implementation track. This analysis should map out all present operational processes, enabling selection of an ERP vendor whose standard modules are most closely aligned with the established organization. Redesign can then be implemented to achieve further process congruence. Research indicates that the risk of business process mismatch is decreased by:
- linking each current organizational process to the organization's strategy;
- analyzing the effectiveness of each process in light of its current related business capability;
- understanding the automated solutions currently implemented.[7] [8]
A disadvantage usually attributed to ERP is that business process redesign to fit the standardized ERP modules can lead to a loss of competitive advantage. While documented cases exist where this has indeed materialized, other cases show that following thorough process preparation ERP systems can actually increase sustainable competitive advantage.[9][10]
Configuration
Configuring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way you want the system to work with the way the system lets you work. Begin by deciding which modules to install, then adjust the system using configuration tables to achieve the best possible fit in working with your company’s processes.
Modules - Most systems are modular simply for the flexibility of implementing some functions but not others. Some common modules, such as finance and accounting are adopted by nearly all companies implementing entERPrise systems; others however such as human resource management are not needed by some companies and therefore not adopted. A service company for example will not likely need a module for manufacturing. Other times companies will not adopt a module because they already have their own proprietary system they believe to be superior. Generally speaking the greater number of modules selected, the greater the integration benefits, but also the increase in costs, risks and changes involved.
Configuration Tables – A configuration table enables a company to tailor a particular aspect of the system to the way it chooses to do business. For example, an organization can select the type of inventory accounting – FIFO or LIFO – it will employ or whether it wants to recognize revenue by geographical unit, product line, or distribution channel.
So what happens when the options the system allows just aren’t good enough? At this point a company has two choices, both of which are not ideal. It can re-write some of the entERPrise system’s code, or it can continue to use an existing system and build interfaces between it and the new entERPrise system. Both options will add time and cost to the implementation process. Additionally they can dilute the system’s integration benefits. The more customized the system becomes the less possible seamless communication becomes between suppliers and customers.
Consulting Services
Consulting team is typically responsible for your initial ERP implementation and subsequent delivery of work to tailor the system beyond "go live". Typically such tailoring includes additional product training; creation of process triggers and workflow; specialist advice to improve how the ERP is used in the business; system optimization; and assistance writing reports, complex data extracts or implementing Business Intelligence.
The consulting team is also responsible for planning and jointly testing the implementation. This is a critical part of the project, and one that is often overlooked.
Consulting for a large ERP project involves three levels: systems architecture, business process consulting (primarily re-engineering) and technical consulting (primarily programming and tool configuration activity). A systems architect designs the overall dataflow for the entERPrise including the future dataflow plan. A business consultant studies an organization's current business processes and matches them to the corresponding processes in the ERP system, thus 'configuring' the ERP system to the organization's needs. Technical consulting often involves programming. Most ERP vendors allow modification of their SOFTWARE to suit the business needs of their customer.
For most mid-sized companies, the cost of the implementation will range from around the list price of the ERP user licenses to up to twice this amount (depending on the level of customization required). Large companies, and especially those with multiple sites or countries, will often spend considerably more on the implementation than the cost of the user licenses -- three to five times more is not uncommon for a multi-site implementation.[citation needed]
Customization Services
The Customization is the process of extending or changing how the system works by writing new user interfaces and underlying application code. Such customisations typically reflect local work practices that are not currently in the core routines of the ERP system SOFTWARE.
Examples of such code include early adopter features (e.g., mobility interfaces were uncommon a few years ago and were typically customised) or interfacing to third party applications (this is 'bread and butter' customization for larger implementations as there are typically dozens of ancillary systems that the core ERP SOFTWARE has to interact with). The Professional Services team is also involved during ERP upgrades to ensure that customizations are compatible with the new release. In some cases the functions delivered via a previous customization may have been subsequently incorporated into the core routines of the ERP SOFTWARE, allowing customers to revert back to standard product and retire the customization completely.
Customizing an ERP package can be very expensive and complicated, because many ERP packages are not designed to support customization, so most businesses implement the best practices embedded in the acquired ERP system. Some ERP packages are very generic in their reports and inquiries, such that customization is expected in every implementation. It is important to recognize that for these packages it often makes sense to buy third party plug-ins that interface well with your ERP SOFTWARE rather than reinventing the wheel.
Customization work is usually undertaken as bespoke SOFTWARE development on a time and materials basis. Because of the specialist nature of the customization and the 'one off' aspect of the work, it is common to pay in the order of $200 per hour for this work. Also, in many cases the work delivered as customization is not covered by the ERP vendors Maintenance Agreement, so while there is typically a 90-day warranty against SOFTWARE faults in the custom code, there is no obligation on the ERP vendor to warrant that the code works with the next upgrade or point release of the core product.
One often neglected aspect of customization is the associated documentation. While it can seem like a considerable -- and expensive -- overhead to the customization project, it is critical that someone is responsible for the creation and user testing of the documentation. Without the description on how to use the customisation, the effort is largely wasted as it becomes difficult to train new staff in the work practice that the customization delivers.
Maintenance and Support Services
Once your system has been implemented, the consulting company will typically enter into a Support Agreement to assist your staff to keep the ERP SOFTWARE running in an optimal way. To minimize additional costs and provide more realism into the needs of the units to be affected by ERP (as an added service to customers), the option of creating a committee headed by the consultant using participative management approach during the design stage with the client's heads of departments (no substitutes allowed) to be affected by the changes in ERPs to provide hands on management control requirements planning. This would allow direct long term projections into the client's needs, thus minimizing future conversion patches (at least for the 1st 5 years operation unless there is a corporate-wide organizational structural change involving operational systems) on a more dedicated approach to initial conversion.
A Maintenance Agreement typically provides you rights to all current version patches, and both minor and major releases, and will most likely allow your staff to raise support calls. While there is no standard cost for this type of agreement, they are typically between 15% and 20% of the list price of the ERP user licenses.
Advantages
In the absence of an ERP system, a large manufacturer may find itself with many SOFTWARE applications that do not talk to each other and do not effectively interface. Tasks that need to interface with one another may involve:
design engineering (how to best make the product)
order tracking from acceptance through fulfillment
the revenue cycle from invoice through cash receipt
managing interdependencies of complex Bill of Materials
tracking the 3-way match between Purchase orders (what was ordered), Inventory receipts (what arrived), and Costing (what the vendor invoiced)
the Accounting for all of these tasks, tracking the Revenue, Cost and Profit on a granular level.
Change how a product is made, in the engineering details, and that is how it will now be made. Effective dates can be used to control when the switch over will occur from an old version to the next one, both the date that some ingredients go into effect, and date that some are discontinued. Part of the change can include labeling to identify version numbers.
Some security features are included within an ERP system to protect against both outsider crime, such as industrial espionage, and insider crime, such as embezzlement. A data tampering scenario might involve a disgruntled employee intentionally modifying prices to below the breakeven point in order to attempt to take down the company, or other sabotage. ERP systems typically provide functionality for implementing internal controls to prevent actions of this kind. ERP vendors are also moving toward better integration with other kinds of information security tools.[11]
Disadvantages
Many problems organizations have with ERP systems are due to inadequate investment in ongoing training for involved personnel, including those implementing and testing changes, as well as a lack of corporate policy protecting the integrity of the data in the ERP systems and how it is used.
Limitations of ERP include:
Success depends on the skill and experience of the workforce, including training about how to make the system work correctly.
Small entERPrises are often undercapitalized & are also not updated about the latest offerings in the market
Personnel turnover; companies can employ new managers lacking education in the company's ERP system, proposing changes in business practices that are out of synchronization with the best utilization of the company's selected ERP.
Customization of the ERP SOFTWARE is limited. Some customization may involve changing of the ERP SOFTWARE structure which is usually not allowed.
Re-engineering of business processes to fit the "industry standard" prescribed by the ERP system may lead to a loss of competitive advantage.
ERP systems can be very expensive to install often ranging from 30,000 US Dollars to 500,000,000 US Dollars for multinational companies.
ERP vendors can charge sums of money for annual license renewal that is unrelated to the size of the company using the ERP or its profitability.
Technical support personnel often give replies to callers that are inappropriate for the caller's corporate structure. Computer security concerns arise, for example when telling a non-programmer how to change a database on the fly, at a company that requires an audit trail of changes so as to meet some regulatory standards.
ERPs are often seen as too rigid and too difficult to adapt to the specific workflow and business process of some companies—this is cited as one of the main causes of their failure.
Systems can be difficult to use.
Systems are too restrictive and do not allow much flexibility in implementation and usage.
The system can suffer from the "weakest link" problem—an inefficiency in one department or at one of the partners may affect other participants.
Many of the integrated links need high accuracy in other applications to work effectively. A company can achieve minimum standards, then over time "dirty data" will reduce the reliability of some applications.
Once a system is established, switching costs are very high for any one of the partners (reducing flexibility and strategic control at the corporate level).
The blurring of company boundaries can cause problems in accountability, lines of responsibility, and employee morale.
Resistance in sharing sensitive internal information between departments can reduce the effectiveness of the SOFTWARE.
Some large organizations may have multiple departments with separate, independent resources, missions, chains-of-command, etc, and consolidation into a single entERPrise may yield limited benefits.
There are frequent compatibility problems with the various legacy systems of the partners.
The system may be over-engineered relative to the actual needs of the customer.
Content from wikipidia
data recovery software
Keyword Name :data recovery software
AVG CPC :$10.78
Abount data recovery software
Data recovery is the process of salvaging data from damaged, failed, corrupted, or inaccessible primary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. Often the data are being salvaged from storage media formats such as hard disk drive, storage tapes, CDs, DVDs, RAID, and other electronics. This can be due to physical damage to the storage device or logical damage to the file system that prevents it from being mounted by the host operating system. Although there is some confusion as to the term, data recovery can also be the process of retrieving and securing deleted information from a storage media for forensic purposes or spying.
Recovering data after physical damage
A wide variety of failures can cause physical damage to storage media. CD-ROMs can have their metallic substrate or dye layer scratched off; hard disks can suffer any of several mechanical failures, such as head crashes and failed motors; tapes can simply break. Physical damage always causes at least some data loss, and in many cases the logical structures of the file system are damaged as well. This causes logical damage that must be dealt with before any files can be salvaged from the failed media.
Most physical damage cannot be repaired by end users. For example, opening a hard disk in a normal environment can allow dust to settle on the surface, causing further damage to the platters and complicating the recovery process. Furthermore, end users generally do not have the hardware or technical expertise required to make these repairs; therefore, costly data recovery companies are consulted to salvage the data. These firms often use Class 100 cleanroom facilities to protect the media while repairs are being made.
Despite this, there are many accounts of users getting a bad disk going long enough to pull their data off, often via slightly bizarre tricks. These include making the drive cold (in the freezer) or spinning it manually on the ground, both actions being used to unstick a jammed platter. Most data recovery professionals recommend against the use of tricks such as these, as they can cause additional physical damage to the drive if done improperly (and in many cases, even when done properly).
Recovery techniques
Recovering data from physically damaged hardware can involve multiple techniques. Some damage can be repaired by replacing parts in the hard disk. This alone may make the disk usable, but there may still be logical damage. A specialized disk imaging procedure is used to recover every readable bit from the surface. Once this image is acquired, the image can be analyzed for logical damage and will possibly allow for much of the original filesystem to be reconstructed.
Hardware repair
Examples of physical recovery procedures are: removing a damaged PCB (printed circuit board) and replacing it with a matching PCB from a healthy drive (this often entails the movement of a microchip from the original board to the replacement), changing the original damaged read/write head assembly with matching parts from a healthy drive, removing the hard disk platters from the original damaged drive and installing them into a healthy drive, and often a combination of all of these procedures. All of the above described procedures are highly technical in nature and should never be attempted by an untrained individual. All of these procedures will almost certainly void the manufacturer's warranty.
Disk imaging
The extracted raw image can be used to reconstruct usable data after any logical damage has been repaired. Once that is complete, the files may be in usable form although recovery is often incomplete. According to research by the Defense Cyber Crime Institute there are also tools available to law enforcement and government agencies only such as ILook IXimager.
Open source tools such as DCFLdd v1.3.4-1 can usually recover all data, with exception of the physically damaged sectors. (It is important that DCFLdd v1.3.4-1 be installed on a FreeBSD operating system. Studies have shown that the same program installed on a Linux system produces extra "bad sectors", resulting in the loss of information that is actually available.) [1]
Recovering data after logical damage
Far more common than physical damage is logical damage to a file system. Logical damage is primarily caused by power outages that prevent file system structures from being completely written to the storage medium, but problems with hardware (especially RAID controllers) and drivers, as well as system crashes, can have the same effect. The result is that the file system is left in an inconsistent state. This can cause a variety of problems, such as strange behavior (e.g., infinitely recursing directories, drives reporting negative amounts of free space), system crashes, or an actual loss of data. Various programs exist to correct these inconsistencies, and most operating systems come with at least a rudimentary repair tool for their native file systems. Linux, for instance, comes with the fsck utility, Mac OS X has Disk Utility and Microsoft Windows provides chkdsk. Third-party utilities such as The Coroners Toolkit and The Sleuth Kit are also available, and some can produce superior results by recovering data even when the disk cannot be recognized by the operating system's repair utility. Utilities such as TestDisk can be useful for reconstructing corrupted partition tables.
Some kinds of logical damage can be mistakenly attributed to physical damage. For instance, when a hard drive's read/write head begins to click, most end-users will associate this with internal physical damage. This is not always the case, however. Often, either the firmware on the platters or the controller card will instead need to be rebuilt. Once the firmware on either of these two devices is restored, the drive will be back in shape and the data accessible.[citation needed]
Preventing logical damage
The increased use of journaling file systems, such as NTFS 5.0, ext3, and XFS, is likely to reduce the incidence of logical damage. These file systems can always be "rolled back" to a consistent state, which means that the only data likely to be lost is what was in the drive's cache at the time of the system failure. However, regular system maintenance should still include the use of a consistency checker. This can protect both against bugs in the file system software and latent incompatibilities in the design of the storage hardware. One such incompatibility is the result of the disk controller reporting that file system structures have been saved to the disk when it has not actually occurred. This can often occur if the drive stores data in its write cache, then claims it has been written to the disk. If power is lost, and this data contains file system structures, the file system may be left in an inconsistent state such that the journal itself is damaged or incomplete. One solution to this problem is to use hardware that does not report data as written until it actually is written. Another is using disk controllers equipped with a battery backup so that the waiting data can be written when power is restored. Finally, the entire system can be equipped with a battery backup that may make it possible to keep the system on in such situations, or at least to give enough time to shut down properly.
Recovery techniques
Two main techniques are used to recover data from logical damage. While most logical damage can be either repaired or worked around using these two techniques, data recovery software can never guarantee that no data loss will occur. For instance, in the FAT file system, when two files claim to share the same allocation unit ("cross-linked"), data loss for one of the files is essentially guaranteed.
Consistency checking
The first, consistency checking, involves scanning the logical structure of the disk and checking to make sure that it is consistent with its specification. For instance, in most file systems, a directory must have at least two entries: a dot (.) entry that points to itself, and a dot-dot (..) entry that points to its parent. A file system repair program can read each directory and make sure that these entries exist and point to the correct directories. If they do not, an error message can be printed and the problem corrected. Both chkdsk and fsck work in this fashion. This strategy suffers from two major problems. First, if the file system is sufficiently damaged, the consistency check can fail completely. In this case, the repair program may crash trying to deal with the mangled input, or it may not recognize the drive as having a valid file system at all. The second issue that arises is the disregard for data files. If chkdsk finds a data file to be out of place or unexplainable, it may delete the file without asking. This is done so that the operating system may run smoother, but the files deleted are often important user files which cannot be replaced. Similar issues arise when using system restore disks (often provided with proprietary systems like Dell and Compaq), which restore the operating system by removing the previous installation. This problem can often be avoided by installing the operating system on a separate partition from your user data.
Zero-knowledge analysis
The second technique for file system repair is to assume very little about the state of the file system to be analyzed, and using any hints that any undamaged file system structures might provide, rebuild the file system from scratch. This strategy involves scanning the entire drive and making note of all file system structures and possible file boundaries, then trying to match what was located to the specifications of a working file system. Some third-party programs use this technique, which is notably slower than consistency checking. It can, however, recover data even when the logical structures are almost completely destroyed. This technique generally does not repair the underlying file system, but merely allows for data to be extracted from it to another storage device.
Recovering overwritten data
Further information: Data remanence
When data has been physically overwritten on a hard disk it is generally assumed that the previous data is no longer possible to recover. In 1996, Peter Gutmann, a respected computer scientist, presented a paper [2] that suggested overwritten data could be recovered through the use of Scanning transmission electron microscopy. In 2001, he presented another paper [3] on a similar topic. Substantial criticism has followed, primarily dealing with the lack of any concrete examples of significant amounts of overwritten data being recovered. [4] [5] To guard against this type of data recovery, he and Colin Plumb designed the Gutmann method, which is used by several disk scrubbing software packages.
Content from wikipidia
AVG CPC :$10.78
Abount data recovery software
Data recovery is the process of salvaging data from damaged, failed, corrupted, or inaccessible primary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. Often the data are being salvaged from storage media formats such as hard disk drive, storage tapes, CDs, DVDs, RAID, and other electronics. This can be due to physical damage to the storage device or logical damage to the file system that prevents it from being mounted by the host operating system. Although there is some confusion as to the term, data recovery can also be the process of retrieving and securing deleted information from a storage media for forensic purposes or spying.
Recovering data after physical damage
A wide variety of failures can cause physical damage to storage media. CD-ROMs can have their metallic substrate or dye layer scratched off; hard disks can suffer any of several mechanical failures, such as head crashes and failed motors; tapes can simply break. Physical damage always causes at least some data loss, and in many cases the logical structures of the file system are damaged as well. This causes logical damage that must be dealt with before any files can be salvaged from the failed media.
Most physical damage cannot be repaired by end users. For example, opening a hard disk in a normal environment can allow dust to settle on the surface, causing further damage to the platters and complicating the recovery process. Furthermore, end users generally do not have the hardware or technical expertise required to make these repairs; therefore, costly data recovery companies are consulted to salvage the data. These firms often use Class 100 cleanroom facilities to protect the media while repairs are being made.
Despite this, there are many accounts of users getting a bad disk going long enough to pull their data off, often via slightly bizarre tricks. These include making the drive cold (in the freezer) or spinning it manually on the ground, both actions being used to unstick a jammed platter. Most data recovery professionals recommend against the use of tricks such as these, as they can cause additional physical damage to the drive if done improperly (and in many cases, even when done properly).
Recovery techniques
Recovering data from physically damaged hardware can involve multiple techniques. Some damage can be repaired by replacing parts in the hard disk. This alone may make the disk usable, but there may still be logical damage. A specialized disk imaging procedure is used to recover every readable bit from the surface. Once this image is acquired, the image can be analyzed for logical damage and will possibly allow for much of the original filesystem to be reconstructed.
Hardware repair
Examples of physical recovery procedures are: removing a damaged PCB (printed circuit board) and replacing it with a matching PCB from a healthy drive (this often entails the movement of a microchip from the original board to the replacement), changing the original damaged read/write head assembly with matching parts from a healthy drive, removing the hard disk platters from the original damaged drive and installing them into a healthy drive, and often a combination of all of these procedures. All of the above described procedures are highly technical in nature and should never be attempted by an untrained individual. All of these procedures will almost certainly void the manufacturer's warranty.
Disk imaging
The extracted raw image can be used to reconstruct usable data after any logical damage has been repaired. Once that is complete, the files may be in usable form although recovery is often incomplete. According to research by the Defense Cyber Crime Institute there are also tools available to law enforcement and government agencies only such as ILook IXimager.
Open source tools such as DCFLdd v1.3.4-1 can usually recover all data, with exception of the physically damaged sectors. (It is important that DCFLdd v1.3.4-1 be installed on a FreeBSD operating system. Studies have shown that the same program installed on a Linux system produces extra "bad sectors", resulting in the loss of information that is actually available.) [1]
Recovering data after logical damage
Far more common than physical damage is logical damage to a file system. Logical damage is primarily caused by power outages that prevent file system structures from being completely written to the storage medium, but problems with hardware (especially RAID controllers) and drivers, as well as system crashes, can have the same effect. The result is that the file system is left in an inconsistent state. This can cause a variety of problems, such as strange behavior (e.g., infinitely recursing directories, drives reporting negative amounts of free space), system crashes, or an actual loss of data. Various programs exist to correct these inconsistencies, and most operating systems come with at least a rudimentary repair tool for their native file systems. Linux, for instance, comes with the fsck utility, Mac OS X has Disk Utility and Microsoft Windows provides chkdsk. Third-party utilities such as The Coroners Toolkit and The Sleuth Kit are also available, and some can produce superior results by recovering data even when the disk cannot be recognized by the operating system's repair utility. Utilities such as TestDisk can be useful for reconstructing corrupted partition tables.
Some kinds of logical damage can be mistakenly attributed to physical damage. For instance, when a hard drive's read/write head begins to click, most end-users will associate this with internal physical damage. This is not always the case, however. Often, either the firmware on the platters or the controller card will instead need to be rebuilt. Once the firmware on either of these two devices is restored, the drive will be back in shape and the data accessible.[citation needed]
Preventing logical damage
The increased use of journaling file systems, such as NTFS 5.0, ext3, and XFS, is likely to reduce the incidence of logical damage. These file systems can always be "rolled back" to a consistent state, which means that the only data likely to be lost is what was in the drive's cache at the time of the system failure. However, regular system maintenance should still include the use of a consistency checker. This can protect both against bugs in the file system software and latent incompatibilities in the design of the storage hardware. One such incompatibility is the result of the disk controller reporting that file system structures have been saved to the disk when it has not actually occurred. This can often occur if the drive stores data in its write cache, then claims it has been written to the disk. If power is lost, and this data contains file system structures, the file system may be left in an inconsistent state such that the journal itself is damaged or incomplete. One solution to this problem is to use hardware that does not report data as written until it actually is written. Another is using disk controllers equipped with a battery backup so that the waiting data can be written when power is restored. Finally, the entire system can be equipped with a battery backup that may make it possible to keep the system on in such situations, or at least to give enough time to shut down properly.
Recovery techniques
Two main techniques are used to recover data from logical damage. While most logical damage can be either repaired or worked around using these two techniques, data recovery software can never guarantee that no data loss will occur. For instance, in the FAT file system, when two files claim to share the same allocation unit ("cross-linked"), data loss for one of the files is essentially guaranteed.
Consistency checking
The first, consistency checking, involves scanning the logical structure of the disk and checking to make sure that it is consistent with its specification. For instance, in most file systems, a directory must have at least two entries: a dot (.) entry that points to itself, and a dot-dot (..) entry that points to its parent. A file system repair program can read each directory and make sure that these entries exist and point to the correct directories. If they do not, an error message can be printed and the problem corrected. Both chkdsk and fsck work in this fashion. This strategy suffers from two major problems. First, if the file system is sufficiently damaged, the consistency check can fail completely. In this case, the repair program may crash trying to deal with the mangled input, or it may not recognize the drive as having a valid file system at all. The second issue that arises is the disregard for data files. If chkdsk finds a data file to be out of place or unexplainable, it may delete the file without asking. This is done so that the operating system may run smoother, but the files deleted are often important user files which cannot be replaced. Similar issues arise when using system restore disks (often provided with proprietary systems like Dell and Compaq), which restore the operating system by removing the previous installation. This problem can often be avoided by installing the operating system on a separate partition from your user data.
Zero-knowledge analysis
The second technique for file system repair is to assume very little about the state of the file system to be analyzed, and using any hints that any undamaged file system structures might provide, rebuild the file system from scratch. This strategy involves scanning the entire drive and making note of all file system structures and possible file boundaries, then trying to match what was located to the specifications of a working file system. Some third-party programs use this technique, which is notably slower than consistency checking. It can, however, recover data even when the logical structures are almost completely destroyed. This technique generally does not repair the underlying file system, but merely allows for data to be extracted from it to another storage device.
Recovering overwritten data
Further information: Data remanence
When data has been physically overwritten on a hard disk it is generally assumed that the previous data is no longer possible to recover. In 1996, Peter Gutmann, a respected computer scientist, presented a paper [2] that suggested overwritten data could be recovered through the use of Scanning transmission electron microscopy. In 2001, he presented another paper [3] on a similar topic. Substantial criticism has followed, primarily dealing with the lack of any concrete examples of significant amounts of overwritten data being recovered. [4] [5] To guard against this type of data recovery, he and Colin Plumb designed the Gutmann method, which is used by several disk scrubbing software packages.
Content from wikipidia
crm software
Keyword Name: crm software
AVG CPC : $18.33
Abount crm software
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a customer-centric business strategy with the goal of maximizing profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction.[1] Technologies that support this business purpose include the capture, storage and analysis of customer, vendor, partner, and internal process information. Functions that support this business purpose include sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Technology to support CRM initiatives must be integrated as part of an overall customer-centric strategy. Many CRM initiatives have failed because implementation was limited to software installation without alignment to a customer-centric strategy.
Overview
There are many aspects of CRM which were mistakenly thought to be capable of being implemented in isolation from each other.
From the outside of the organization, a customer experiences the business as one entity operating over extended periods of time. Thus piecemeal CRM implementation can come across to the customer as unsynchronized where employees and web sites and services are acting independently of one another, yet together represent a common entity.
CRM is the philosophy, policy and coordinating strategy connecting different players within an organization so as to coordinate their efforts in creating an overall valuable series of experiences, products and services for the customer.
The different players within the organization are in identifiable groups:
Customer Facing Operations - The people and the technology support of processes that affect a customer's experience at the frontline interface between the customer and the organization. This can include face to face, phone, IM, chat, email, web and combinations of all medium. Self-service kiosk and web self-service are doing the job of vocals and they belong here.
Internal Collaborative Functional Operations - The people and technology support of processes at the policy and back office which ultimately affect the activities of the Customer Facing Operations concerning the building and maintaining of customer relationships. This can include IT, billing, invoicing, maintenance, planning, marketing, advertising, finance, services planning and manufacturing.
External Collaboration functions - The people and technology support of processes supporting an organization and its cultivation of customer relationships that are affected by the organization's own relationship with suppliers/vendors and retail outlets/distributors. Some would also include industry cooperative networks, e.g. lobbying groups, trade associations. This is the external network foundation which supports the internal Operations and Customer facing Operations.
Customer Advocates and Experience Designers - Creative designers of customer experience that meet customer relationship goals of delivering value to the customer and profit to the organization (or desired outcomes and achievement of goals for non-profit and government organizations)
Performance Managers and Marketing Analysts - Designers of Key Performance Indicators and collectors of metrics and data so as to execute/implement marketing campaigns, call campaigns, Web strategy and keep the customer relationship activities on track. This would be the milestones and data that allow activities to be coordinated, that determine if the CRM strategy is working in delivering ultimate outcomes of CRM activities: market share, numbers and types of customers, revenue, profitability, intellectual property concerning customers preferences.
Customer and Employee Surveyors and Analysts - Customer Relationships are both fact driven and impression driven - the quality of an interaction is as important as the information and outcome achieved, in determining whether the relationship is growing or shrinking in value to the participants.
Technology considerations
The technology requirements of a CRM strategy must be guided by an overall view of who is the customer and what value they are to get from engaging with the organization.
The basic building blocks:
A database for customer lifecycle (time series) information about each customer and prospect and their interactions with the organization, including order information, support information, requests, complaints, interviews and survey responses.
Customer Intelligence - Translating customer needs and profitability projection into game plans for different segments or groups of customers, captured by customer interactions (Human, automated or combinations of both) into software that tracks whether that game plan is followed or not,and whether the desired outcomes are obtained.
Business Modeling - Customer Relationship Strategy, Goals and outcomes: Numbers and description of whether goals were met and models of customer segments and game plans worked as hypothesized.
Learning and Competency Management Systems - Customer Capacity and Competency Development - Training and improving processes and technology that enable the organization to get closer to achieving the desired results. Complex systems require practice in order to achieve desired outcomes, especially when humans and technology are interacting. Iteration is the key to refining, improving and innovating to stay ahead of the competition in Customer Relationship Management. (Successful tools, technology and practices will be copied by the competition as soon as they are proven successful.)
Analytics and quality monitoring - Voice recognition, video pattern matching, statistical analysis, activity-based costing to ultimately determine profitability of customer relationship policies and activities over the lifecycle of each group of customers sharing a defined set of characteristics.
Collaboration and Social networks - Profiling and interactive technology that allows the customers to interact with the business and their fellow customers and others: prospective customers, strategic partners.
The building blocks can be implemented over time separately, but eventually need to be dynamically coordinated. The ongoing alignment of the basic building blocks distinguishes an elegant seamless CRM implementation which successfully builds mutually valuable relationships.
Operational CRM
Operational CRM provides support to "front office" business processes, including sales, marketing and service. Each interaction with a customer is generally added to a customer's contact history, and staff can retrieve information on customers from the database when necessary.
One of the main benefits of this contact history is that customers can interact with different people or different contact channels in a company over time without having to describe the history of their interaction each time.
Consequently, many call centers use some kind of CRM software to support their call center agents.
Operational CRM processes customer data for a variety of purposes:
Managing Campaigns
Enterprise Marketing Automation
Sales Force Automation
Analytical CRM
Analytical CRM analyzes customer data for a variety of purposes:
Design and execution of targeted marketing campaigns to optimize marketing effectiveness
Design and execution of specific customer campaigns, including customer acquisition, cross-selling, up-selling, retention
Analysis of customer behavior to aid product and service decision making (e.g. pricing, new product development etc.)
Management decisions, e.g. financial forecasting and customer profitability analysis
Prediction of the probability of customer defection (churn analysis)
Analytical CRM generally makes heavy use of data mining.
Collaborative CRM
The function of the Customer Interaction System or Collaborative Customer Relationship Management is to coordinate the multi-channel service and support given to the customer by providing the infrastructure for responsive and effective support to customer issues, questions, complaints, etc.
Collaborative CRM aims to get various departments within a business, such as sales, technical support and marketing, to share the useful information that they collect from interactions with customers. Feedback from a technical support center, for example, could be used to inform marketing staffers about specific services and features requested by customers. Collaborative CRM's ultimate goal is to use information collected from all departments to improve the quality of customer service.[4]
Strategy
Several commercial CRM software packages are available which vary in their approach to CRM. However, as mentioned above, CRM is not just a technology but rather a comprehensive customer-centric approach to an organization's philosophy in dealing with its customers. This includes policies and processes, front-of-house customer service, employee training, marketing, systems and information management. Hence, it is important that any CRM implementation considerations stretch beyond technology, towards the broader organizational requirements.
The objectives of a CRM strategy must consider a company’s specific situation and its customers' needs and expectations. Information gained through CRM initiatives can support the development of marketing strategy by developing the organization's knowledge in areas such as identifying customer segments, improving customer retention, improving product offerings (by better understanding customer needs), and by identifying the organization's most profitable customers.[1]
CRM strategies can vary in size, complexity and scope. Some companies consider a CRM strategy to only focus on the management of a team of salespeople. However, other CRM strategies can cover customer interaction across the entire organization. Many commercial CRM software packages that are available provide features that serve sales, marketing, event management, project management and finance.
Successes
While there are numerous reports of "failed" implementations of various types of CRM projects,[citation needed] these are often the result of unrealistic high expectations and exaggerated claims by CRM vendors.
Many of these "failures" are also related to data quality and availability. Data cleaning is a major issue. If the company CRM strategy is to track life-cycle revenues, costs, margins and interactions between individual customers, this must be reflected in all business processes. Data must be extracted from multiple sources (e.g., departmental/divisional databases, including sales, manufacturing, supply chain, logistics, finance, service, etc.), requiring an integrated, comprehensive business processing system to be in place with defined structures and data quality. If not, interfaces must be developed and implemented to extract data from different systems. This creates a demand far beyond customer satisfaction to understand the full business-to-business relationship. For this reason, CRM is more than a sales or customer interaction system.
The experience from many companies[attribution needed] is that a clear CRM requirement with regard to reports (e.g., input and output requirements) is of vital importance before starting any implementation.[citation needed] With a proper demand specification, a great deal of time and money can be saved based on realistic expectations of systems capability.[citation needed] A well operating CRM system can be an extremely powerful tool for management and customer strategies.
Privacy and data security
One of the primary functions of CRM software is to collect information about customers. When gathering data as part of a CRM solution, a company must consider customer privacy and data security with respect to legal and cultural environments. Some customers prefer assurance that their data is not shared with third parties without their consent and that it cannot be illicitly accessed by third parties.
Customers can benefit from their data being utilized within a CRM system. For example, while an increase in unsolicited telemarketing calls is generally resented by customers, a small number of relevant offers may be appreciated. CRM software can enhance the collection and analysis of customer behavior data, leading to more relevant communications with customers.balls
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Abount crm software
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a customer-centric business strategy with the goal of maximizing profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction.[1] Technologies that support this business purpose include the capture, storage and analysis of customer, vendor, partner, and internal process information. Functions that support this business purpose include sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Technology to support CRM initiatives must be integrated as part of an overall customer-centric strategy. Many CRM initiatives have failed because implementation was limited to software installation without alignment to a customer-centric strategy.
Overview
There are many aspects of CRM which were mistakenly thought to be capable of being implemented in isolation from each other.
From the outside of the organization, a customer experiences the business as one entity operating over extended periods of time. Thus piecemeal CRM implementation can come across to the customer as unsynchronized where employees and web sites and services are acting independently of one another, yet together represent a common entity.
CRM is the philosophy, policy and coordinating strategy connecting different players within an organization so as to coordinate their efforts in creating an overall valuable series of experiences, products and services for the customer.
The different players within the organization are in identifiable groups:
Customer Facing Operations - The people and the technology support of processes that affect a customer's experience at the frontline interface between the customer and the organization. This can include face to face, phone, IM, chat, email, web and combinations of all medium. Self-service kiosk and web self-service are doing the job of vocals and they belong here.
Internal Collaborative Functional Operations - The people and technology support of processes at the policy and back office which ultimately affect the activities of the Customer Facing Operations concerning the building and maintaining of customer relationships. This can include IT, billing, invoicing, maintenance, planning, marketing, advertising, finance, services planning and manufacturing.
External Collaboration functions - The people and technology support of processes supporting an organization and its cultivation of customer relationships that are affected by the organization's own relationship with suppliers/vendors and retail outlets/distributors. Some would also include industry cooperative networks, e.g. lobbying groups, trade associations. This is the external network foundation which supports the internal Operations and Customer facing Operations.
Customer Advocates and Experience Designers - Creative designers of customer experience that meet customer relationship goals of delivering value to the customer and profit to the organization (or desired outcomes and achievement of goals for non-profit and government organizations)
Performance Managers and Marketing Analysts - Designers of Key Performance Indicators and collectors of metrics and data so as to execute/implement marketing campaigns, call campaigns, Web strategy and keep the customer relationship activities on track. This would be the milestones and data that allow activities to be coordinated, that determine if the CRM strategy is working in delivering ultimate outcomes of CRM activities: market share, numbers and types of customers, revenue, profitability, intellectual property concerning customers preferences.
Customer and Employee Surveyors and Analysts - Customer Relationships are both fact driven and impression driven - the quality of an interaction is as important as the information and outcome achieved, in determining whether the relationship is growing or shrinking in value to the participants.
Technology considerations
The technology requirements of a CRM strategy must be guided by an overall view of who is the customer and what value they are to get from engaging with the organization.
The basic building blocks:
A database for customer lifecycle (time series) information about each customer and prospect and their interactions with the organization, including order information, support information, requests, complaints, interviews and survey responses.
Customer Intelligence - Translating customer needs and profitability projection into game plans for different segments or groups of customers, captured by customer interactions (Human, automated or combinations of both) into software that tracks whether that game plan is followed or not,and whether the desired outcomes are obtained.
Business Modeling - Customer Relationship Strategy, Goals and outcomes: Numbers and description of whether goals were met and models of customer segments and game plans worked as hypothesized.
Learning and Competency Management Systems - Customer Capacity and Competency Development - Training and improving processes and technology that enable the organization to get closer to achieving the desired results. Complex systems require practice in order to achieve desired outcomes, especially when humans and technology are interacting. Iteration is the key to refining, improving and innovating to stay ahead of the competition in Customer Relationship Management. (Successful tools, technology and practices will be copied by the competition as soon as they are proven successful.)
Analytics and quality monitoring - Voice recognition, video pattern matching, statistical analysis, activity-based costing to ultimately determine profitability of customer relationship policies and activities over the lifecycle of each group of customers sharing a defined set of characteristics.
Collaboration and Social networks - Profiling and interactive technology that allows the customers to interact with the business and their fellow customers and others: prospective customers, strategic partners.
The building blocks can be implemented over time separately, but eventually need to be dynamically coordinated. The ongoing alignment of the basic building blocks distinguishes an elegant seamless CRM implementation which successfully builds mutually valuable relationships.
Operational CRM
Operational CRM provides support to "front office" business processes, including sales, marketing and service. Each interaction with a customer is generally added to a customer's contact history, and staff can retrieve information on customers from the database when necessary.
One of the main benefits of this contact history is that customers can interact with different people or different contact channels in a company over time without having to describe the history of their interaction each time.
Consequently, many call centers use some kind of CRM software to support their call center agents.
Operational CRM processes customer data for a variety of purposes:
Managing Campaigns
Enterprise Marketing Automation
Sales Force Automation
Analytical CRM
Analytical CRM analyzes customer data for a variety of purposes:
Design and execution of targeted marketing campaigns to optimize marketing effectiveness
Design and execution of specific customer campaigns, including customer acquisition, cross-selling, up-selling, retention
Analysis of customer behavior to aid product and service decision making (e.g. pricing, new product development etc.)
Management decisions, e.g. financial forecasting and customer profitability analysis
Prediction of the probability of customer defection (churn analysis)
Analytical CRM generally makes heavy use of data mining.
Collaborative CRM
The function of the Customer Interaction System or Collaborative Customer Relationship Management is to coordinate the multi-channel service and support given to the customer by providing the infrastructure for responsive and effective support to customer issues, questions, complaints, etc.
Collaborative CRM aims to get various departments within a business, such as sales, technical support and marketing, to share the useful information that they collect from interactions with customers. Feedback from a technical support center, for example, could be used to inform marketing staffers about specific services and features requested by customers. Collaborative CRM's ultimate goal is to use information collected from all departments to improve the quality of customer service.[4]
Strategy
Several commercial CRM software packages are available which vary in their approach to CRM. However, as mentioned above, CRM is not just a technology but rather a comprehensive customer-centric approach to an organization's philosophy in dealing with its customers. This includes policies and processes, front-of-house customer service, employee training, marketing, systems and information management. Hence, it is important that any CRM implementation considerations stretch beyond technology, towards the broader organizational requirements.
The objectives of a CRM strategy must consider a company’s specific situation and its customers' needs and expectations. Information gained through CRM initiatives can support the development of marketing strategy by developing the organization's knowledge in areas such as identifying customer segments, improving customer retention, improving product offerings (by better understanding customer needs), and by identifying the organization's most profitable customers.[1]
CRM strategies can vary in size, complexity and scope. Some companies consider a CRM strategy to only focus on the management of a team of salespeople. However, other CRM strategies can cover customer interaction across the entire organization. Many commercial CRM software packages that are available provide features that serve sales, marketing, event management, project management and finance.
Successes
While there are numerous reports of "failed" implementations of various types of CRM projects,[citation needed] these are often the result of unrealistic high expectations and exaggerated claims by CRM vendors.
Many of these "failures" are also related to data quality and availability. Data cleaning is a major issue. If the company CRM strategy is to track life-cycle revenues, costs, margins and interactions between individual customers, this must be reflected in all business processes. Data must be extracted from multiple sources (e.g., departmental/divisional databases, including sales, manufacturing, supply chain, logistics, finance, service, etc.), requiring an integrated, comprehensive business processing system to be in place with defined structures and data quality. If not, interfaces must be developed and implemented to extract data from different systems. This creates a demand far beyond customer satisfaction to understand the full business-to-business relationship. For this reason, CRM is more than a sales or customer interaction system.
The experience from many companies[attribution needed] is that a clear CRM requirement with regard to reports (e.g., input and output requirements) is of vital importance before starting any implementation.[citation needed] With a proper demand specification, a great deal of time and money can be saved based on realistic expectations of systems capability.[citation needed] A well operating CRM system can be an extremely powerful tool for management and customer strategies.
Privacy and data security
One of the primary functions of CRM software is to collect information about customers. When gathering data as part of a CRM solution, a company must consider customer privacy and data security with respect to legal and cultural environments. Some customers prefer assurance that their data is not shared with third parties without their consent and that it cannot be illicitly accessed by third parties.
Customers can benefit from their data being utilized within a CRM system. For example, while an increase in unsolicited telemarketing calls is generally resented by customers, a small number of relevant offers may be appreciated. CRM software can enhance the collection and analysis of customer behavior data, leading to more relevant communications with customers.balls
Content from wikipidia
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